GRE閱讀長難句翻譯4

　　1. My point is that its central　consciousness—its profound understanding of class andgender　as shaping influences on people's lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage，aheritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literarycritics. (4)

　　難句類型：復雜修飾、插入語

　　譯文：我的論點是，其作品的中心意識——它將階級和性別作為人們生活的決定性影響而作出的深邃理解——在很大程度上借鑒了那個早期的文學遺產，而這一遺產就總體而言還尚未獲得大多數當代文學評論家的足夠重視。

　　解釋：賓語從句中的主語和謂語被長插入語分開，造成閱讀障礙。插入語中有一個固定搭配understanding of A as B，是把A理解成B的意思。不過本句中as的賓語不容易理解：shaping influenceson people's lives可以理解成“形成了對人們生活的影響”也可以理解成“對人們生活的塑造性(決定性)影響”。當然后面的理解是正確的，然而在閱讀現場想要在瞬間做出正確判斷，還有賴于考生的閱讀理解力和詞匯功底的深淺。插入語后面還有一個固定搭配：A owes much to B，指前者有很多東西是來自于后者，得益于后者的。

　　意群訓練：My point is that its central　consciousness—its profound understanding of classand gender as shaping influences on people's lives—owes much to that earlier literaryheritage,a heritage that,in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporaryliterary critics.

　　2. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic tohost tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures tobiomaterials or from short-term implants.(5)

　　即使是這樣的要求，即從這些材料中加工出來的生物材料應該對受移植者的組織無害，也能夠通過從研究組織培養(yǎng)對生物材料的反應而來的，或從研究短期移植而來的技術來滿足。

　　難句類型：復雜修飾、省略、專有名詞、固定搭配

　　解釋：主語the requirement后面帶著一個長長的修飾主語的同位語;由于requirement的同位語中要求使用虛擬語氣，所以其中的系動詞成了原型(should be省略了should)。如此之長的修飾成分過后，謂語canbe met與主語的關系已經很難理清了。從by開始的狀語結構更為復雜;修飾techniques的后置的定語derivedfrom studying the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials or derived from studying short-term implants實際上是由or所連接的兩個固定搭配the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials;第二個derive from中還套了另外一個固定搭配the reactions of tissure cultures to biomaterials;第二個derive from則干脆把derive給省略了。此外，本句的專有名詞奇多，這使得閱讀的難度非常高。

　　意群訓練：Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials benontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissuecultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.