GRE閱讀文章的句式構(gòu)成

　　1、長成分

　　1)長從句做主語、賓語及其他成分，a、主語從句 b、賓語從句

　　2)長狀語

　　3)層層修飾

　　4)并列成分

　　2、常見倒裝搭配

　　(1)及物動詞加介詞：固定詞組的固定搭配中，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝情況，如：bring A to B，寫作：bring to B A

　　例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one ofthe most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

　　類似的情況：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for, advocate as 等

　　(2)及物動詞加副詞

　　例：make possible …(單詞或者句子)

　　3、省略的幾種情況

　　(1)重復的成分

　　(2)讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的省略：如although (but)

　　(3)定語從句引導詞的省略which(that )

　　(4)定語從句的引導詞和系動詞同時省略，變成后置定語

　　如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

　　4、 短語被分割

　　如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

　　5、多重否定

　　如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between ecognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .

　　6、難句分析舉例

　　Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

　　[語法難點]本句是典型的非限定性定語從句，難點在其主語和賓語都有較長的短語和of結(jié)構(gòu)限定，并且分句是由兩個and相連的3個部分組成的。分句an element…landowners 又帶有兩個定語從句，一個是(which was)representing…，另一個是(which was)detached…可見，定語從句的難點在于經(jīng)常省略“引導詞+be”的結(jié)構(gòu)，從而在理解上容易和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆。

　　[句子翻譯] 對資本和企業(yè)的這種大規(guī)模的非個人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個階級的數(shù)量和重要性。這個階層作為國計民生的一部分，代表了非個人責任的財富與土地及土地所有者應盡義務的分離，而且也幾乎與責任管理相分離。