同位語從句和定語從句在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上有一定的相似,容易使人混淆.要注意在同位語從句中that, what, who等連接代(副)詞在句中并不充當(dāng)句子成分。
在進行英文閱讀時,要注意同位語與本位語分割的現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象常常會造成閱讀理解上的困難,特別是發(fā)生在句子結(jié)構(gòu)本身十分復(fù)雜的時候。例如:
The word radar, coined as a code name in World War II, was derived from the phrase Radio Detection And Ranging.這句話的中文意思是radar(雷達)這個詞,是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間作為一個代號而造出來的,是Radio Detection And Ranging(無線電探測和定位)這個詞組的縮寫。本句的radar是word的同位語。同位語常常表示本位語的另一種說法,指出本位語的具體內(nèi)容或者列舉、突出本位語的一部分內(nèi)容。
同位語一般置于本位語之后,可以不用標點符號隔開,也可以用逗號、冒號或破折號隔開,例如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.這里thought就和它的由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句被謂語部分came to him所分割。
There is a growing realization that had Saddam Hussein focused his missile-development pr**rams on this sort of hardware rather than developing the Scud, Desert Storm could have seen targ in Saudi Arabia and Israel bombarded by weapons whose miss distance might have been measured in terms of tens or hundreds of meters rather than kilometers.
句子解析:這個句子的主干部分十分簡短,即There is a growing realization. That引導(dǎo)的是虛擬的關(guān)于realization的同位語從句,并且在這個從句中還有一個whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句用于修飾weapons.
句子翻譯:現(xiàn)在人們越來越認識到,如果沙達姆侯賽因當(dāng)初將其導(dǎo)彈發(fā)展計劃集中在這種硬件而不是發(fā)展“飛毛腿”導(dǎo)彈,那么“沙漠風(fēng)暴”行動中,轟炸沙特阿拉伯和以色列的導(dǎo)彈發(fā)射的誤差距離恐怕就不會以千米而是以幾十或幾百米測算了。