湯姆·漢克斯中招了，還好是在澳大利亞

SYDNEY, Australia — Tom Hanks had a cold, or so he thought: slight fever, body aches, chills, the usual.

澳大利亞悉尼——湯姆·漢克斯(Tom Hanks)感冒了，或者他覺得是感冒了：有發(fā)低燒、全身酸痛、打寒顫等常見癥狀。

In the United States, those symptoms may not be enough to get tested for the new coronavirus. But he and his wife, Rita Wilson, who also felt sick, weren’t at home — they were in Australia.

在美國，這些癥狀也許夠不上做新型冠狀病毒檢測的條件。但他和同樣感覺不舒服的妻子麗塔·威爾遜(Rita Wilson)不在美國——他們在澳大利亞。

Here, testing is free and widely available, thanks to early and coordinated planning for a pandemic. On Thursday, Mr. Hanks said he and his wife had seen the efforts firsthand, as they tested positive for the virus.

在這里，由于及早做了應對大流行病的協(xié)調(diào)規(guī)劃，病毒檢測是免費的，而且廣泛可得。漢克斯周四說，他和妻子親身見證了這些努力，他們兩人的新冠病毒檢測均呈陽性。

“The Medical Officials have protocols that must be followed,” Mr. Hanks wrote in an announcement he posted on Twitter, choosing capital letters for his new acquaintances. “We Hanks’ will be tested, observed and isolated for as long as public health and safety requires.”

“必須遵守醫(yī)務人的程序規(guī)則，”漢克斯發(fā)在Twitter上的聲明中寫道。“只要有公共衛(wèi)生和安全的需要，我們漢克斯兩口子將接受檢測、觀察和隔離。”

Mr. Hanks is now the public face of a pandemic’s widening reach.

漢克斯現(xiàn)已成為代表這場大流行疫情不斷擴大波及范圍的公眾人物。

Some countries, like the United States, are looking increasingly ill prepared, or, in the case of Italy, fighting to avoid being overwhelmed. Others, like South Korea, moved quickly to test and isolate huge numbers of people and appear to be bringing their outbreaks under control.

一些國家越來越顯得準備不足，比如美國，或者情況更糟的意大利，后者正在努力避免不被壓垮。其他國家，如韓國，迅速采取行動，對大量的人群進行檢測和隔離，看來已控制住了疫情。

Australia, with just 128 confirmed cases, has not yet been put to the same kind of test. But health officials are determined to be ready for whatever comes — heads down on their spreadsheets, trying to stay calm in a battle where planning ahead and avoiding drama means victory.

澳大利亞目前只有128例確診病例，還沒有受到類似的考驗。但該國衛(wèi)生官員決定為應對所有情況做好準備，他們在認真統(tǒng)計疫情數(shù)據(jù)，同時在應對上努力保持冷靜，在這場戰(zhàn)斗中，提前規(guī)劃、避免恐慌意味著勝利。

Prime Minister Scott Morrison, still bruised from a failure to react quickly to the country’s bush-fire crisis this summer, set an emergency coronavirus plan in motion on Feb. 28.

因未能迅速處理澳大利亞叢林大火危機而廣受批評的總理斯科特·莫里森(Scott Morrison)，已在2月28日啟動了應對新冠病毒的緊急方案。

Rather than play down the risks or promise that the problem would fade in a month or two — as President Trump did — Mr. Morrison was one of the first world leaders to declare that the virus would span the planet.

莫里森沒有像特朗普總統(tǒng)那樣淡化風險或打包票說，問題將在一兩個月內(nèi)消失，他是最早宣布新冠病毒將傳遍全球的世界領(lǐng)導人之一。

“We believe the risk of global pandemic is very much upon us,” he said two weeks ago.

“我們認為，全球大流行的風險即將到來，”他曾在兩周前這樣說。

That same day, state and territory health ministers met to discuss plans for testing, stockpiling medication and opening special clinics that would keep potential coronavirus patients out of regular emergency rooms. The officials have continued to meet regularly.

同一天，澳大利亞各州和地區(qū)的衛(wèi)生部長們開會討論了檢測、儲備藥物，以及開設專門診所的計劃，有了專門診所，新冠病毒疑似感染者就不用去普通急診室。那之后，這些官員一直定期開會。

“In terms of the amount of time and human hours that have gone into the planning, it’s massive,” said Ian Mackay, a virologist at the University of Queensland who has been involved. “It’s been going on all year, really, and entire lives have gone into just planning and coordinating. It’s been all-consuming.”

“在制定方案上投入的時間和人力是巨大的，”參與這項工作的昆士蘭大學(University of Queensland)的病毒學家伊恩·麥凱(Ian Mackay)說。“實際上，這一年來一直在進行，許多人的全部時間都投入到計劃和協(xié)調(diào)中去了。全身心的投入。”

Testing has been a priority from the beginning.

病毒檢測從一開始就是首要任務。

Days after China shared the genome of the virus, Australia’s private testing industry — which handles everything from blood tests to stool samples — was mobilized, with the government making tests free through Medicare, the national health care plan.

澳大利亞的所有醫(yī)學檢測——從血液檢查到大便樣本化驗——都由私營檢測行業(yè)來做。這個行業(yè)在中國公布了新冠病毒基因組的幾天后就動員起來，在政府的國家醫(yī)療保險(Medicare)幫助下，為患者提供免費的新冠病毒檢測。

Public health officials set up a national hotline for people who think they might have the virus. States have set up web pages with locations for coronavirus testing, which has mostly been taking place in hospital wards set apart from regular emergency rooms.

公共衛(wèi)生官員為那些認為自己可能感染了新冠病毒的人設立了一條全國熱線。各州都建了提供新冠病毒檢測地點的網(wǎng)頁，檢測大多在與普通急診室分開的醫(yī)院病房里進行。

Anyone with symptoms who has traveled through countries with an outbreak of the virus, or who might have come into contact with someone who did or who seems sick, can be tested.

任何曾在新冠病毒暴發(fā)的國家旅行，或可能與患者或疑似感染者有過接觸的人，如果有癥狀，都可做病毒檢測。

There is even a drive-through clinic in South Australia that will let you stay in your car for a swab, a model also used in South Korea.

南澳大利亞甚至開設了一個免下車診所，讓人可以呆在車里取拭子，韓國也使用這種模式。

In the United States, little if anything about the process has been efficient or convenient. Tests have been slow to arrive across the country, in part because of a manufacturing problem, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

在美國，新冠病毒檢測的過程幾乎從未有過如此高效或便利。據(jù)美國疾病控制與預防中心說，全國各地遲遲拿不到檢測試劑盒，部分原因是制造上遇到了問題。

Criteria for who should be tested have been widened only recently.

誰應該做病毒檢測的標準直到最近才有所擴大。

In late February, the guidelines were relaxed, but a patient still had to be hospitalized to be eligible for a test. Vice President Mike Pence announced on March 3 that the C.D.C. would lift those restrictions, granting tests if a physician ordered them, but doctors were asked to keep certain factors in mind before doing so. And laboratories are still reporting that the demand for testing is greater than the supply.

雖然檢測指導方針在2月下旬放寬了，但患者仍需住院后才能做病毒檢測。美國副總統(tǒng)邁克·彭斯(Mike Pence)已于3月3日宣布，疾病控制與預防中心將取消這些限制，只要有醫(yī)囑，就允許做病毒檢測，但要求醫(yī)生在下醫(yī)囑前考慮某些因素。美國的實驗室仍在報告，做檢測的需求大于試劑盒的供應。

In Australia, no shortages have been reported. On Thursday, Annastacia Palaszczuk, the premier of Queensland, the state where Mr. Hanks is hospitalized, said there were 27 people confirmed to have the coronavirus there, and in every case, “we know the origin of where they have come from.”

澳大利亞沒有試劑盒短缺的報道。昆士蘭州州長白樂琪(Annastacia Palaszczuk)周四說，該州有27例新冠病毒確診感染病例，“我們知道(每個病例)的感染途徑。”昆士蘭州是漢克斯住院的地方。

She did not say whether Mr. Hanks and Ms. Wilson had contracted the virus in Australia or brought it from the United States.

她沒有透露漢克斯和威爾遜是在澳大利亞感染病毒的，還是他們把病毒從美國帶過來的。

Mr. Mackay, the virologist, noted that Ms. Wilson, an actress and singer, had recently performed a concert in Beverly Hills, on a date within the incubation period for the virus. Mr. Hanks is in Australia shooting a film about Elvis Presley with the Australian director Baz Luhrmann; there were reports that at least one other person on the set had tested positive.

病毒學家麥凱注意到，身為演員和歌手的威爾遜最近曾在比佛利山莊舉辦了一場音樂會，時間正好是在病毒的潛伏期里。漢克斯正在澳大利亞參加澳大利亞導演巴茲·魯爾曼(Baz Luhrmann)一部關(guān)于貓王(Elvis Presley)電影的拍攝;有報道稱，拍攝現(xiàn)場至少還有一人新冠病毒檢測呈陽性。

Ms. Palaszczuk said everyone who had come into contact with Mr. Hanks and Ms. Wilson would have to self-isolate, and she promised that they would be well treated. They were two of seven new cases reported in Queensland on Thursday, and they are officially listed as being in stable condition at Gold Coast University Hospital, where they are being kept in isolation.

白樂琪說，所有與漢克斯和威爾遜有過接觸的人都必須自我隔離，她保證他們會受到很好的待遇。漢克斯和威爾遜是昆士蘭周四通報的七例新增確診病例中的兩例，他們目前正在黃金海岸大學醫(yī)院(Gold Coast University Hospital)隔離，在院方公布的信息中，他們的病情穩(wěn)定。

Under the protocols Mr. Hanks referred to on Twitter, doctors and health officials will regularly check on them, whether or not they stay in the hospital after they are cleared for release.

按照漢克斯在Twitter上提到的醫(yī)療方案，醫(yī)生和衛(wèi)生官員將定期為他們做檢查，包括在他們獲準出院后，不管他們是否留在醫(yī)院里。

“I’m very confident that we have world-class doctors that are determined to look after them and give them the best possible care,” Ms. Palaszczuk said.

“我非常有信心，我們有決心要為他們提供最佳照顧的世界級醫(yī)生。”白樂琪說。

She then added a warning: “What this signals is that this coronavirus can happen to anyone,” she said, adding: “We need the public to be listening to the authorities, listening very closely and adhering.”

她接下來警告人們：“這表明，這種病毒可能感染任何人。”她還說，“我們需要公眾注意當局發(fā)布的指示，非常認真地聽取，并按照指示去做。”

Which is exactly what Mr. Hanks and Ms. Wilson seem to be doing: taking direction from Medical Officials.

這正是漢克斯和威爾遜看來正在做的事情：聽從醫(yī)務人員的指示。

“They’re not tripping but they’re going through the necessary health precautions, obviously,” their son Chet Hanks said in a message on Instagram. “I don’t think it’s anything to worry about.”

“他們沒有大礙，但他們顯然正在采取必要的醫(yī)療防御措施，”他們的兒子切特·漢克斯(Chet Hanks)在Instagram上發(fā)消息說。“我不覺得有什么好擔心的。”