氣候變化將如何影響你的健康？

氣候變化將如何影響你的健康？

A new report from the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns of dire consequences if governments don't make "rapid, far-reaching, and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society" to stem global warming. But the planet isn't the only thing at risk as temperatures rise; your health might be in danger, too.

聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(ipcc)的一份新報告警告稱，如果各國政府不“在社會各方面做出迅速、深遠(yuǎn)和前所未有的改變”來遏制全球變暖，將產(chǎn)生可怕的后果。但隨著氣溫升高，地球并不是唯一面臨風(fēng)險的地方;你的健康也可能存在危險。

Here are six ways that climate change might affect you, whether it's insect-borne disease or Type 2 diabetes.

這里有六種氣候變化可能影響你的方式，無論是昆蟲傳播的疾病還是2型糖尿病。

An increase in disease-carrying mosquitoes and ticks

攜帶疾病的蚊子和蜱蟲的增加

Hot and humid climates provide a perfect breeding ground for critters, and experts say that a warming world might put us at greater risk for vector-borne diseases, which are those transmitted by ticks, mosquitoes or other organisms.

炎熱潮濕的氣候為生物繁殖提供了完美的地方，專家說，全球變暖可能會讓我們面臨更大的媒介傳播疾病的風(fēng)險，這些疾病是由蜱蟲、蚊子或其他生物傳播的。

In a 2017 report, the Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health warned that "mosquitoes that carry diseases like West Nile virus and dengue fever thrive in conditions that are becoming more common, and there is concern that malaria could reemerge in the United States."

在2017年的一份報告中，醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會氣候與健康聯(lián)合會警告稱，“攜帶西尼羅病毒和登革熱等疾病的蚊子在越來越常見的提條件中大量繁殖，人們擔(dān)心瘧疾可能在美國再次出現(xiàn)。”

Contaminated water sources and dangerous bacterial infections

受污染的水源和危險的細(xì)菌感染

Extreme weather and rainfall have contributed to the spread of bacterial infections through contaminated water, especially in summer. Warmer temperatures will only make those situations worse.

極端天氣和降雨導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌感染通過受污染的水傳播，特別是在夏季。氣溫升高只會讓這些情況變得更糟。

Dr. Mona Sarfaty, director of the program on climate and health at George Mason University's Center for Climate Change Communication, said that "when increased rainfall leads to flooding, there can be a mixing of stormwater and sewage that leads to bacterial contamination in the water."

喬治梅森大學(xué)氣候變化傳播中心氣候與健康項目主任莫娜·薩法蒂博士說，“當(dāng)降雨量增加導(dǎo)致洪水泛濫時，雨水和污水可能會混合在一起，導(dǎo)致水中出現(xiàn)細(xì)菌污染。”

An increase in mental health issues

心理健康問題的增加

Even a modest rise in temperatures is associated with an increase in mental health issues, according to a study published this year that surveyed nearly 2 million US residents. The research, in the journal PNAS, looked at individual cities and found that warming of just 1 degree over five years was linked to a 2% increase in mental health issues.

今年發(fā)表的一項調(diào)查顯示，即使氣溫小幅上升，也會導(dǎo)致心理健康問題增多。該調(diào)查調(diào)查了近200萬美國居民。發(fā)表在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》(PNAS)上的這項研究對各個城市進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，五年內(nèi)氣溫僅升高一度，就會導(dǎo)致心理健康問題增加2%。

Using a different approach, the study also found that an increase in average monthly temperatures to over 30 degrees Celsius (86 Fahrenheit), up from an average of 25 to 30, was correlated with a 0.5% increase in mental health issues.

使用一種不同的方法，研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，月平均溫度從25到30攝氏度(86華氏度)上升到30攝氏度以上，與心理健康問題增加0.5%相關(guān)。

That might seem like a small change, but Nick Obradovich, the study's lead author and a scientist at MIT's Media Lab, noted that those results, if consistent across the country, "would produce approximately 2 million additional individuals reporting mental health difficulties."

這可能看起來是個小變化，但該研究的主要作者、麻省理工學(xué)院媒體實驗室(MIT‘s Media Lab)的科學(xué)家尼克·奧布拉多維奇(Nick Obradovich)指出，如果這些結(jié)果在全國范圍內(nèi)一致，“將會有大約200萬人報告出心理健康問題”。

An increase in Type 2 diabetes

2型糖尿病的增加

Rising temperatures are associated with an increase in Type 2 diabetes, according to a 2017 study published in the journal BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. However, researchers looked only at the correlation between temperatures and diabetes, so the study didn't establish that temperatures necessarily caused the disease.

2017年發(fā)表在《英國醫(yī)學(xué)雜志開放式糖尿病研究與護(hù)理》雜志上的一項研究表明，氣溫升高與2型糖尿病的增加有關(guān)。然而，研究人員只研究了溫度和糖尿病之間的關(guān)系，所以這項研究并沒有確定溫度一定會導(dǎo)致糖尿病。

Still, researchers found that diabetes rates increased by about 4% for every 1 degree Celsius of warming in the United States. Worldwide, glucose intolerance rose by 0.17% per degree Celsius of warming.

盡管如此，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國氣溫每升高1攝氏度，糖尿病發(fā)病率就會增加4%左右。全球范圍內(nèi)，每升溫1攝氏度，葡萄糖耐受性上升0.17%。