想鍛煉？比較好拉著另一半一起！

Spouses influence each other’s exercise habits, for better and worse, more than is often recognized, according to an interesting new study of the workout habits of middle-aged couples. The study found that changes in one spouse’s routine tend to be echoed in the other’s, highlighting the extent to which our exercise behavior is shaped not just by our personal intentions but by the people around us as well.

一項(xiàng)有趣的新研究在考察了中年夫婦的鍛煉習(xí)慣后提出，配偶可以影響彼此的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣，這種影響有好有壞，且其程度往往超出了人們的預(yù)計(jì)。該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，夫妻中任何一方生活日程的改變往往是與對(duì)方相呼應(yīng)的，這表明，我們的鍛煉行為不僅僅出自個(gè)人的意愿，我們周圍的人對(duì)此也功不可沒(méi)。

In studying why people opt to exercise or not, scientists often and understandably focus on individual psychology and situations. But increasingly, exercise scientists are also looking into broader factors that can have a bearing, including our social relationships and whether being single, married, childless or employed is likely to affect exercise behavior.

在探討是什么原因促使人們選擇進(jìn)行鍛煉(或不鍛煉)時(shí)，科學(xué)家們經(jīng)常理所當(dāng)然地側(cè)重于研究個(gè)人的心理和身體狀況?，F(xiàn)在，有越來(lái)越多的運(yùn)動(dòng)科學(xué)家將更廣泛的因素納入考慮，例如，他們開(kāi)始調(diào)查社會(huì)關(guān)系以及單身、已婚、無(wú)子女或就業(yè)等狀態(tài)是否可能影響到人們的鍛煉行為。

The results of past studies on this subject have been alternately predictable and startling. Single men and women, for instance, generally exercise far more than do married people, although divorce can change that. Men typically exercise more after a marriage ends; women in that situation frequently exercise less. Meanwhile, employed men, even those with desk jobs, usually exercise more than men who are unemployed.

關(guān)于這一問(wèn)題，以前也進(jìn)行過(guò)一些研究，其結(jié)果有的在意料之中，也有的令人震驚。例如，單身男女的運(yùn)動(dòng)量通常會(huì)遠(yuǎn)多于已婚男女，但離婚后這種狀況會(huì)有所改變。在結(jié)束一段婚姻之后，男性一般會(huì)加大運(yùn)動(dòng)量，女性則往往相反。另一方面，在職的男性，即使他們從事的是文書工作，一般也會(huì)比失業(yè)的男性更多地從事體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Parenthood, though, has the greatest downward pull on planned exercise time. In a number of studies in recent years, scientists have found that mothers of even one child exercise considerably less than do the childless, although, perhaps not surprisingly, they often complete more light activity, which would include cooking, cleaning and scrambling after streaking toddlers, than do the childless. Meanwhile, fathers of a single child often exercise as much as they did before becoming a parent, but fathers of more than one child experience a large and rapid decline in their formal exercise time.

為人父母是讓計(jì)劃好的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間大大縮水的最強(qiáng)力因素。在近年來(lái)的一些研究中，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與無(wú)子女的女性相比，哪怕成為一個(gè)孩子的母親也會(huì)讓她們的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間大為減少，但是她們完成的輕度活動(dòng)，如烹飪、打掃衛(wèi)生以及追在蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子后面跑等等行為要比沒(méi)有孩子的女性多——這倒也不足為奇。而獨(dú)生孩子的父親的運(yùn)動(dòng)量與成為父親前沒(méi)什么兩樣，不過(guò)一旦孩子的數(shù)量超過(guò)兩個(gè)，他們正正經(jīng)經(jīng)地做運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間就會(huì)迅速地大幅下降。

There has been surprisingly little examination, however, of how marriage affects exercise in the years after a couple’s children have grown, and especially whether and how changes in one spouse’s exercise routine at that point affect the other spouse.

然而，關(guān)于子女長(zhǎng)大多年以后婚姻會(huì)如何影響夫妻兩人的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況，尤其是此時(shí)其中一方的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣的改變能否以及將如何影響配偶，研究卻少得驚人。

So, for the new study, which was presented this month at a scientific meeting of the American Heart Association in Baltimore, researchers from Johns Hopkins University and other institutions turned to data from the large-scale Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, which includes answers to health-related questionnaires from thousands of middle-aged American adults. Most of the participants answered the questionnaires multiple times, beginning in the late 1980s.

本月初在巴爾的摩舉行的美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)(American Heart Association)科學(xué)會(huì)議上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究中，約翰斯·霍普金斯大學(xué)(Johns Hopkins University)和其他機(jī)構(gòu)的研究人員參考了大規(guī)模的“社區(qū)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究(Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study)”中的數(shù)據(jù)，包括數(shù)以千計(jì)的美國(guó)中年人填寫的健康相關(guān)問(wèn)卷。大多數(shù)參與者從20世紀(jì)80年代末起，多次回答過(guò)這些調(diào)查問(wèn)卷。

The researchers looked for data related to exercise from 3,261 healthy, middle-aged, married couples with an average age of about 55, each of whom had filled out the questionnaires at least twice, with about six years between their answers.

研究人員分析了3261名健康的中年已婚夫婦的運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，他們的平均年齡為55歲，每人都至少填過(guò)兩次問(wèn)卷，且填寫問(wèn)卷的時(shí)間間隔約為六年。

As a benchmark, the researchers focused on whether, according to their first questionnaire, each husband or wife had met the standard recommendation for exercise to improve health, which amounts to 30 minutes of moderate exercise at least five times a week. (These married couples consisted of a man and a woman.)

研究人員們考察了每一位丈夫或妻子在填寫第一份問(wèn)卷時(shí)是否達(dá)到了促進(jìn)健康的建議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)動(dòng)量(即每周進(jìn)行至少五次中等強(qiáng)度的鍛煉)，并以此作為研究基準(zhǔn)。(上述的已婚夫婦均由一名男性和一名女性構(gòu)成。)

Then the scientists determined whether either of the middle-aged spouses had altered his or her exercise habits between questionnaires, and whether the couple’s exercise routines had converged or grown more different during those years.

然后，科學(xué)家們探討了這些中年夫婦在后來(lái)填寫問(wèn)卷時(shí)，他或她的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣是否發(fā)生了改變，以及在此期間，夫妻雙方的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣是更加接近了還是差異更大了。

What they found was that the older couples’ exercise routines tended to become strikingly similar at this point in their lives.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，到了人生的這個(gè)階段，中年夫婦的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣往往變得驚人地相似。

If a woman met the standard recommendation for exercise during her first questionnaire and her husband did not, he was 70 percent more likely to be meeting those recommendations six years later than were men whose spouses did not exercise much, so long as the woman was still exercising regularly.

如果妻子在第一次問(wèn)卷調(diào)查時(shí)達(dá)到了建議的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)動(dòng)量，而她的丈夫反之，那么，只要妻子還在定期鍛煉，其丈夫在六年后達(dá)到上述建議運(yùn)動(dòng)量的可能性比妻子運(yùn)動(dòng)不足的那些丈夫們要高出70%。

Similarly, if a husband met the recommendations during his first questionnaire and his wife did not, she was about 40 percent more likely to be meeting those recommendations a few years later than were women whose husbands were and remained sedentary.

同樣，如果丈夫在第一次問(wèn)卷調(diào)查時(shí)達(dá)到了建議的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)動(dòng)量而妻子反之，那么妻子在幾年后達(dá)到建議運(yùn)動(dòng)量的可能性要比丈夫習(xí)慣久坐的妻子們高出40%。

Less encouraging, if one spouse eased off or eschewed exercise during the years between questionnaires, his or her spouse usually followed suit.

令人遺憾的是，如果在這些年期間，配偶中一方運(yùn)動(dòng)熱情減退或者開(kāi)始逃避鍛煉，另一方通常也會(huì)效尤。

The implication, says Laura Cobb, a graduate student at Johns Hopkins who led the study, is that “spouses can play an outsized role” in exercise behavior during middle age.

該研究的負(fù)責(zé)人，約翰斯·霍普金斯大學(xué)的研究生勞拉·科布(Laura Cobb)說(shuō)：這意味著中年“夫婦可對(duì)對(duì)方的鍛煉行為造成巨大的影響”。

Of course, the study relies on self-reported, prospective information, she says, and so “can’t prove” that one spouse’s exercise habits directly affect the other’s. “It’s equally possible,” she says, “that other shared lifestyle factors,” such as retirement or a move to a new neighborhood, could be influential. (The scientists controlled for health problems by not including couples if one spouse had or developed a major disease.)

當(dāng)然，由于這項(xiàng)研究依賴于參與者自我報(bào)告的前瞻性信息，因此它“不能證明”配偶中一方的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣可以直接影響到另一方，她說(shuō)。“夫妻雙方共享的其他生活方式因素，”如退休或遷居到新的社區(qū)，同樣可能有一定作用。(科學(xué)家排除了一方曾罹患或現(xiàn)存在重大疾病的夫婦，從而對(duì)參與者的健康問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了校正。)

But the neat alignment between one middle-aged spouse’s workouts and, after a few years, the other’s does suggest, Ms. Cobb says, that to inspire your spouse to work out more, you should probably begin by ramping up your own routine. And if you hope to maintain that regimen into the future, nudge a sedentary spouse to join you. Otherwise it can be sorely tempting to settle onto the couch yourself.

但科布女士認(rèn)為，幾年之內(nèi)中年夫婦的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣就齊刷刷地趨于一致，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，如果你想要激勵(lì)你的另一半多多鍛煉，那么很可能需要從增加你自己的日常運(yùn)動(dòng)量開(kāi)始。而且，如果你希望以后也能將這樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣保持下去，就鼓動(dòng)你那個(gè)喜歡久坐的配偶來(lái)陪你吧。不然的話，搞不好你會(huì)拒絕不了像他一樣窩在沙發(fā)上的誘惑呢。