不要對(duì)你的狗狗大呼小叫

對(duì)于受創(chuàng)傷的小狗來(lái)說，即使是食物也沒有那么有趣。

A heartbreaking new study finds that screaming at dogs scares them for the long-term — and patience is a far superior method for training them, Science Alert reports.

據(jù)《科學(xué)警報(bào)》報(bào)道，一項(xiàng)令人心碎的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，長(zhǎng)期對(duì)著狗尖叫會(huì)嚇到它們，而耐心是訓(xùn)練它們的一種更好的方法。

Researchers — led by biologist Ana Catarina Vieira de Castro of the Universidade do Porto in Portugal — recruited 42 dogs from schools that used reward-based training, and 50 dogs from aversion training schools.

由葡萄牙波爾圖大學(xué)生物學(xué)家安娜·卡塔琳娜·維埃拉·德卡斯特羅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究人員,從采用獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)訓(xùn)練的學(xué)校招募了42只狗，從厭惡訓(xùn)練學(xué)校招募了50只狗。

During the study period, pups taught with yelling and leash-jerking were found to be more stressed, with higher levels of cortisol found in their saliva.

在研究期間，用叫喊和拉繩訓(xùn)練的幼犬被發(fā)現(xiàn)壓力更大，唾液中的皮質(zhì)醇含量更高。

“Our results show that companion dogs trained using aversive-based methods experienced poorer welfare as compared to companion dogs trained using reward-based methods, at both the short- and the long-term level,” the researchers write in the paper published by biology news service bioRxiv.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn):“具體來(lái)說，使用平均法上學(xué)的狗在訓(xùn)練中表現(xiàn)出更多與壓力相關(guān)的行為和身體姿勢(shì)，在訓(xùn)練后皮質(zhì)醇水平升高，在認(rèn)知偏差任務(wù)中更‘悲觀’。”

“Specifically, dogs attending schools using aversive-based methods displayed more stress-related behaviors and body postures during training, higher elevations in cortisol levels after training, and were more ‘pessimistic’ in a cognitive bias task,” researchers found.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)：“具體來(lái)說，使用厭惡性方法上學(xué)的狗在訓(xùn)練過程中表現(xiàn)出更多與壓力相關(guān)的行為和身體姿勢(shì)，訓(xùn)練后皮質(zhì)醇水平升高，在認(rèn)知偏見任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)出更‘悲觀’。”。

Pups that experienced calm, gentle teachers, however, performed better at tasks researchers assigned to them, such as locating a bowl with sausage in it — in a roomful of empty-but-sausage-smeared bowls.

然而，那些經(jīng)歷過平靜、溫和的老師的幼犬,在研究人員分配給它們的任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)得更好，比如在一個(gè)空蕩蕩的、但沾滿香腸的碗里找到一個(gè)盛著香腸的碗。

More harshly trained canines were slower to locate the treat bowl, which authors interpreted to show that their experiences had made them more depressed, less hopeful hounds.

訓(xùn)練得越嚴(yán)格的狗狗找到食物碗的速度就越慢，作者解釋說，這表明它們的經(jīng)歷讓它們變得更沮喪，更沒有希望。

The biologists also analyzed dogs during training to look for “stress behaviors” such as lip-licking, paw-raising, yawning and yelping.

生物學(xué)家還分析了狗在訓(xùn)練過程中的“壓力行為”，如舔嘴唇、抬起爪子、打哈欠和尖叫。

“Critically, our study points to the fact that the welfare of companion dogs trained with aversive-based methods appears to be at risk,” the researchers conclude.

研究人員總結(jié)道：“關(guān)鍵的是，我們的研究指出，用厭惡性方法訓(xùn)練的狗狗，其健康和成長(zhǎng)不容樂觀。”。