與文化和藝術(shù)的接觸,是如何影響壽命的

A trip to the theater, museum or art gallery could help you live longer. And the more often you get that culture fix the better, a new study suggests.

最新研究表明，去劇院、博物館或美術(shù)館看劇或游覽能延年益壽，而且去得越多，效果越好。

Researchers from University College London (UCL) found that people who engaged in the arts more frequently -- every few months or more -- had a 31% lower risk of dying early when compared to those who didn't. Even going to the theater or museum once or twice a year was linked with a 14% lower risk.

倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不經(jīng)常參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人相比，經(jīng)常參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人(每隔幾個(gè)月或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間去一次)早逝的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了31%。即使每年去一兩次劇院或博物館，早逝風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也能降低14%。

They looked at data given by more than 6,000 adults in England age 50 years and older, who were taking part in a wider study on aging.

研究人員研究了6000多名50歲以上的英國(guó)成年人提供的數(shù)據(jù)，這些人參與了一項(xiàng)更廣泛的衰老研究。

"While other health behaviors like smoking, alcohol and exercise are undoubtedly bigger predictors of mortality, these leisure and pleasure activities that people don't think as a health related activity do support good health and longevity," said Daisy Fancourt, an associate professor at UCL's Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health.

“雖然其他健康行為如吸煙、飲酒和運(yùn)動(dòng)無(wú)疑更能預(yù)測(cè)死亡率，但這些人們認(rèn)為與健康無(wú)關(guān)的休閑娛樂活動(dòng)也有利于健康長(zhǎng)壽”，倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院行為科學(xué)和健康研究部門的副教授黛西·范克特說。

How often an individual engaged in art activities, which also included exhibitions, concerts and opera but not cinema, was measured at the start of the study in 2004 to 2005. Participants were then followed up for an average of 12 years, during which time deaths were recorded using data from the UK's National Health Service (NHS.)

在2004年至2005年研究開始時(shí)，研究人員統(tǒng)計(jì)了每位受訪者參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)(包括展覽、音樂會(huì)和歌劇，但不包括電影)的頻率。隨后，研究人員對(duì)受訪者進(jìn)行了平均12年的跟蹤調(diào)查，在此期間，他們使用英國(guó)國(guó)民健康服務(wù)體系的數(shù)據(jù)記錄了受訪者的死亡情況。

The study looked at a range of economic, health and social factors to try and explain why there is a link between "arts engagement" and living longer, although as an observational study it can't establish cause. Part of the reason, the study said, comes down to social and economic differences among those who go and don't go to museums, exhibitions and art galleries.

這項(xiàng)研究考察了一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)、健康和社會(huì)因素，試圖解釋為什么“參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)”和長(zhǎng)壽之間存在聯(lián)系，盡管作為一項(xiàng)觀察性研究，它不能確定原因。研究稱，部分原因在于是否前去參觀博物館、展覽和畫廊的人之間存在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)差異。

Wealth, they found, explained about 9% of the association. Cognitive differences, social and civic engagement, mental health, mobility and deprivation also played a role. Things like free time and occupational status made no material difference, said Fancourt.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，財(cái)富解釋了約9%的關(guān)聯(lián)。認(rèn)知差異、社會(huì)和公民參與、心理健康、流動(dòng)性、和貧困也起到了作用。范克特說，空閑時(shí)間和職業(yè)地位等因素并沒有產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性的影響。

"Part of the association is attributable to differences in socioeconomic status among those who do and do not engage in the arts," the study said.

研究稱：“這種聯(lián)系部分可歸因于那些參加或不參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)的人的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的差異。”

Fancourt said that engaging with the arts can act as a buffer against stress and build creativity that allows people to adapt to changing circumstances. It also helps people build social capital -- accessing emotional support and information that helps people age more successfully.

范克特說，參加藝術(shù)活動(dòng)可以緩解壓力，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力，讓人們適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境。它還幫助人們建立社會(huì)資本——獲得情感支持，以及更加從容應(yīng)對(duì)老齡的信息。

"We also thought that a greater sense of purpose could play a role," she said. "If this (study) is added to the larger body of evidence, we are getting an increasingly rich picture on how arts can benefit health and it's not about one single outcome. It can have wide ranging benefits and support healthier lives lived longer."

她說：“我們還認(rèn)為，更強(qiáng)烈的目標(biāo)感可能會(huì)發(fā)揮作用。如果把這項(xiàng)研究加入到更廣泛的證據(jù)中，我們就會(huì)越來越多地了解到藝術(shù)如何有益于健康，而這不僅僅是一個(gè)單一的結(jié)果。它可以有廣泛的好處，幫助人們健康長(zhǎng)壽。”

This study did not look at the effects of taking part in art-related activities but a World Health Organization review of available evidence published last year found that both receptive participation, like visiting a museum, and active participation, like singing in a choir, had health benefits.

這項(xiàng)研究并沒有探討參與藝術(shù)相關(guān)活動(dòng)的影響，但世界衛(wèi)生組織去年發(fā)表的對(duì)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)的回顧發(fā)現(xiàn)，接受性參與(如參觀博物館)和積極參與(如參加唱詩(shī)班)都對(duì)健康有益。

An editorial that accompanied the paper said that everyone should have the chance to take part in cultural activities and said the study added weight to growing concerns about the decline in arts subjects in schools and universities.

與研究報(bào)告一同發(fā)表的一篇社論稱，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)參加文化活動(dòng)，并表示該研究增加了人們對(duì)中小學(xué)和大學(xué)藝術(shù)類課程減少的擔(dān)憂。

"Clinicians who read the paper might recognize the value of the arts, but will also wonder how engagement with culture and the arts could influence longevity," the editorial said.

社論稱：“讀過這篇論文的臨床醫(yī)生可能會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到藝術(shù)的價(jià)值，但他們也會(huì)想，與文化和藝術(shù)的接觸會(huì)如何影響壽命。”