科學家發(fā)現了尋找暗物質的新方法

科學家發(fā)現了尋找暗物質的新方法

Dark matter is famously supposed to take up 27% of the existing mass-energy of the universe. Dark energy eats up another 68%, while ordinary matter and energy that includes us accounts for just about 5%, scientists estimate. But if so much of everything is taken up by dark matter and dark energy, where are they? Neither has been conclusively detected, but a new study proposes a fresh way to spot dark matter signatures, looking in data we already gathered.

眾所周知，暗物質占據了宇宙現有質量能量的27%?？茖W家們估計，暗能量又吞噬了68%，而包括我們在內的普通物質和能量只占5%。但是如果所有的東西都被暗物質和暗能量占據了那么多，那么它們在哪里呢?這兩種方法都沒有被最終檢測到，但是一項新的研究提出了一種新的方法來發(fā)現暗物質的特征，從我們已經收集的數據中尋找。

The study, led by researchers from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and UC Berkeley, found that it may be possible to detect dark matter signals during scattering. This process occurs when dark matter particles collide with atomic nuclei, producing small flashes of light and other potentially noticeable indicators. The scientists think they can pinpoint such moments and capture dark matter by looking for ejected electrons, neutrinos or other signs.

這項由勞倫斯伯克利國家實驗室和加州大學伯克利分校的研究人員領導的研究發(fā)現，在散射過程中可能探測到暗物質信號。當暗物質粒子與原子核發(fā)生碰撞，產生微弱的閃光和其他潛在的明顯跡象時，這個過程就會發(fā)生。科學家們認為，他們可以通過尋找噴射出的電子、中微子或其他跡象，精確定位這些時刻并捕捉暗物質。

The study suggests that some currently existing experiments can be adapted to search for these kind of signals that relate to how the dark matter energy is absorbed.

這項研究表明，一些現有的實驗可以用來尋找這些與暗物質能量如何被吸收有關的信號。

The scientists also propose they can look through particle detector data that's already been gathered to find dark matter characteristics.

科學家們還提出，他們可以通過已經收集的粒子探測器數據來尋找暗物質的特征。

The study's lead author, postdoctoral researcher Jeff Dror from Berkeley Lab's Theory Group and UC Berkeley's Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, explained that "You can make a huge amount of progress with very little cost if you step back a little bit in the way we've been thinking about dark matter."

這項研究的主要作者、伯克利實驗室理論小組和加州大學伯克利分校伯克利理論物理中心的博士后研究員杰夫·德羅解釋說，“如果你按照我們一直思考暗物質的方式退一步，可以用很少的成本取得巨大的進步。”

The researchers hope their approach can lead to new avenues in the search for the elusive dark matter. One plan is to focus on discovering light fermions, which may be related to the so-called "sterile neutrinos" – another theorized particle.

研究人員希望他們的方法能為尋找難以捉摸的暗物質開辟新的途徑。一個計劃是集中精力發(fā)現輕費米子，這可能與所謂的“惰性中微子”有關，后者是另一個理論粒子。

Most conducive to re-adapting, according to the scientists, would be existing experiments involving large, highly-sensitive detector materials with low background "noise" or interference. One such contraption could be the ultra sensitive UX-ZEPLIN (LZ), a dark matter search project currently under construction in a former South Dakota mine.

根據科學家的說法，最有利于重新適應的將是現有的實驗，這些實驗將涉及大型、高靈敏度、低背景“噪音”或干擾的探測材料。超靈敏的UX-ZEPLIN (LZ)就是這樣一個精巧的裝置，這是一個暗物質搜索項目，目前正在南達科他州的一個礦井中進行。

Another possibility is try the new method with the data from the Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO), an underground experiment that already cooperated with the researchers.

另一種可能性是利用已與研究人員合作的一項地下實驗——富集氙觀測站(EXO)的數據來嘗試這種新方法。