內(nèi)分泌專(zhuān)家給糖尿病患者的5個(gè)建議

內(nèi)分泌專(zhuān)家給糖尿病患者的5個(gè)建議

If you have type 2 diabetes, it means your body isn’t using insulin the way it should. Insulin is a hormone made in the pancreas that helps move sugar from your blood to your muscles and other cells so they have enough energy to function. With type 2 diabetes, though, you need more insulin than usual to do this task.

如果你有2型糖尿病，這意味著你的身體沒(méi)有以它應(yīng)該的方式使用胰島素。胰島素是一種胰腺分泌的激素，它能將血糖從血液中轉(zhuǎn)移到肌肉和其他細(xì)胞中，使它們有足夠的能量發(fā)揮作用。然而，對(duì)于2型糖尿病來(lái)說(shuō)，你需要比平時(shí)更多的胰島素來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

That means your pancreas has to do more work. It’s basically like it’s running on a treadmill trying to keep up. When doctors treat type 2 diabetes, we prescribe medications to patients with the goal of helping the pancreas do its job as well as possible for as long as possible.

這意味著你的胰腺需要做更多的工作。這就像在跑步機(jī)上跑步一樣。當(dāng)醫(yī)生治療2型糖尿病時(shí)，我們會(huì)給病人開(kāi)一些處方藥，目的是盡可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地幫助胰腺正常工作。

We tell patients to cut down on sugar intake, so the pancreas doesn’t have as much work to do, we give medications that help insulin work more effectively and we also often prescribe insulin to help do some of the pancreas’ job for it.

我們告訴病人減少糖的攝入，這樣胰腺就沒(méi)有那么多的工作要做，我們給病人藥物來(lái)幫助胰島素更有效地工作，我們也經(jīng)常開(kāi)胰島素來(lái)幫助胰腺完成一些工作。

There are different types of insulin; some is taken with meals, some is taken just once a day, and some is taken a few times a day. Your doctor will work with you to determine the best fit for you.

胰島素有不同的種類(lèi);有些隨餐服用，有些一天一次，有些一天幾次。你的醫(yī)生會(huì)和你一起確定最適合你的。

Controlling diabetes means committing to a healthier overall lifestyle, as well as taking medication regularly, so I always share the following with my patients to keep them on track:

控制糖尿病意味著承諾一個(gè)更健康的整體生活方式，以及定期服藥，所以我總是與我的病人分享以下內(nèi)容，以使他們走上正軌:

1. Understand what you’re putting into your body.

了解你的身體吃進(jìn)了什么東西。

It’s so important that patients know what foods they can eat without raising their blood sugar levels. Many of my patients don’t realize fruit can be problematic with type 2 diabetes. Most patients think fruit is really healthy, and it is, but too much fruit can make your blood sugar levels very high because they’re full of natural sugar. A couple pieces of fruit each day is healthy for patients with diabetes, but it’s important to eat fruit, like everything, in moderation.

病人知道他們可以吃什么食物而不提高他們的血糖水平非常重要。我的很多病人都沒(méi)有意識(shí)到水果會(huì)對(duì)2型糖尿病造成問(wèn)題。大多數(shù)病人認(rèn)為水果是健康的，確實(shí)如此，但是過(guò)多的水果會(huì)使你的血糖水平很高，因?yàn)樗鼈兏缓烊惶欠帧Ｃ刻斐詭灼麑?duì)糖尿病患者來(lái)說(shuō)是健康的，但重要的是要適量吃水果，就像吃其他東西一樣。

2. Understand that diabetes is a lifelong disease.

要知道糖尿病是一種終身疾病。

When you’re diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, you’re going to be managing it for the rest of your life. That can really overwhelm patients, and they often think they need to completely change their lives immediately. But to make permanent change, you’ve got to be realistic about what you’re capable of. Patients are often more successful when they make small changes, little by little, that they’ll be able to sustain for the rest of their lives. Try one new thing at a time and take advantage of your provider’s guidance and ask for help from nurses and certified diabetes educators.

當(dāng)你被診斷為2型糖尿病時(shí)，你的余生都要和它打交道。這真的會(huì)讓病人不知所措，他們經(jīng)常認(rèn)為他們需要立即徹底改變他們的生活。但要做出永久性的改變，你必須對(duì)自己的能力有一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)。當(dāng)病人一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地做了小的改變，他們就會(huì)更成功，這樣他們就能在余生中一直堅(jiān)持下去。每次嘗試一件新事物，利用你的提供者的指導(dǎo)，向護(hù)士和認(rèn)證的糖尿病教育工作者尋求幫助。

3. It’s so important to find the right doctor.

找到合適的醫(yī)生是非常重要的。

Because diabetes is a lifelong disease, it means you’ll be working with your diabetes doctor for many years to come. Find a provider who listens and understands the realistic barriers you face. Every patient with diabetes is different, with different sets of challenges. If you trust your provider and develop a strong relationship with him or her, you’re going to get better care and guidance, which will result in better management of the disease.

因?yàn)樘悄虿∈且环N終身疾病，這意味著你將與你的糖尿病醫(yī)生一起努力很多年。找一個(gè)提供者，他會(huì)傾聽(tīng)并理解你面對(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)障礙。每個(gè)糖尿病患者都是不同的，面臨著不同的挑戰(zhàn)。如果你相信你的醫(yī)生，并與他/她建立起牢固的關(guān)系，你將會(huì)得到更好的治療和指導(dǎo)，這將會(huì)更好地管理疾病。

4. Be honest with your doctor.

對(duì)醫(yī)生要誠(chéng)實(shí)。

Once you find the right doctor, it’s so important to be honest with him or her. Don’t be afraid to tell your doctor what is and isn’t working for you, and always ask what you can do differently if your blood sugar levels aren’t ideal. When you give your provider accurate information, that allows him or her to better care for you—you might need more or different medications, or you might be eating or drinking something you are not aware raises your blood sugar so much. Don’t just blame yourself if you’re not getting your blood sugar in check; work with your doctor to get things under control.

一旦你找到了合適的醫(yī)生，對(duì)他/她誠(chéng)實(shí)是非常重要的。不要害怕告訴你的醫(yī)生什么對(duì)你有用，什么對(duì)你沒(méi)用，如果你的血糖水平不理想，總是問(wèn)問(wèn)你能做些什么。當(dāng)你給你的醫(yī)生準(zhǔn)確的信息，讓他或她更好地照顧你時(shí)，你可能需要更多或不同的藥物，或者你可能正在吃或喝一些你沒(méi)有意識(shí)到的東西，使你的血糖升高這么多。如果你的血糖沒(méi)有得到控制，不要只責(zé)怪自己;和你的醫(yī)生一起控制病情。

5. Don’t give up.

不要放棄。

I think my biggest tip for both patients and caregivers would be to never give up. There is a recipe out there for every single patient, and it’s a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. If something isn’t effective, keep trying to find the recipe that works for you. You may have a lot to learn along the way, but you will get there—it can be done. I emphasize to patients that hitting one bump in the road doesn’t mean their journey is over and impossible. It just means we need to try something else.

我認(rèn)為我給病人和護(hù)理人員的最大建議就是永不放棄。每個(gè)病人都有自己的治療方法，這是生活方式改變和藥物治療的結(jié)合。如果某樣?xùn)|西沒(méi)有效果，繼續(xù)嘗試找到適合你的方法。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，你可能會(huì)學(xué)到很多東西，但是你會(huì)到達(dá)那里——這是可以做到的。我向患者強(qiáng)調(diào)，路上的一個(gè)顛簸并不意味著他們的旅程已經(jīng)結(jié)束，不可能了。這只是意味著我們需要嘗試其他東西。