離我們最近的恒星也有一顆地球大小的行星環(huán)繞著它

離我們最近的恒星也有一顆地球大小的行星環(huán)繞著它

Researchers have confirmed that our sun's nearest celestial neighbor — Proxima Centauri — has a planet in tow. And from here, it looks a lot like Earth.

研究人員已經(jīng)證實(shí)，我們的太陽(yáng)最近的天體鄰居——比鄰星擁有一顆行星。從這方面看，它很像地球。

The planet, according to research published this week in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, boasts a mass of 1.17 Earth masses and orbits its stars in a brisk 11.2 days. It's also in the so-called "Goldilocks zone" — meaning it holds to an orbit that’s neither too hot nor too cold for the possibility of liquid water.

根據(jù)本周發(fā)表在《天文學(xué)與天體物理學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究，這顆行星的質(zhì)量為地球的1.17倍，圍繞恒星公轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)間為11.2天。它也位于所謂的“適居帶”——這意味著它的軌道既不太熱也不太冷，不可能存在液態(tài)水。

And liquid water, of course, is something of a holy grail in the search for life beyond our planet. Not only that, but at 4.2 light- years away, it's relatively close. That proximity is why the existence of the planet, Proxima b, was already suspected back in 2013, according to The Independent.

當(dāng)然，液態(tài)水是尋找外星生命的圣杯。不僅如此，在4.2光年之外，它也相當(dāng)接近。據(jù)《獨(dú)立報(bào)》報(bào)道，這就是為什么早在2013年，人們就懷疑比鄰星的存在。

This artist's impression shows a view of the surface of the planet Proxima b orbiting the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our solar system. (Photo: ESO/M. Kornmesser)

Its confirmation came courtesy of ESPRESSO, a new-generation spectrograph that’s mounted on the aptly named Very Large Telescope in Chile. Short for Echelle Spectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations, ESPRESSO is considered the most precise planet-hunting sensor in operation. It's the successor to HARPS, a similar, but much more limited instrument.

它的確認(rèn)來(lái)自于新一代的光譜儀ESPRESSO，它被安裝在智利的一個(gè)非常大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡上，這個(gè)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的名字很貼切。ESPRESSO是用于巖石系外行星和穩(wěn)定光譜觀測(cè)的梯形光譜儀的簡(jiǎn)稱，被認(rèn)為是運(yùn)行中最精確的行星探測(cè)傳感器。它是豎琴的后繼者，豎琴是一種類似的樂(lè)器，但功能有限得多。

"We were already very happy with the performance of HARPS, which has been responsible for discovering hundreds of exoplanets over the last 17 years," Francesco Pepe, the University of Geneva astrophysicist who heads the ESPRESSO program, explains in a press release.

負(fù)責(zé)ESPRESSO項(xiàng)目的日內(nèi)瓦大學(xué)天體物理學(xué)家弗朗西斯科·佩佩在一份新聞稿中解釋說(shuō):“我們對(duì)HARPS的表現(xiàn)已經(jīng)非常滿意，它在過(guò)去17年里發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)百顆系外行星。”

"We're really pleased that ESPRESSO can produce even better measurements, and it's gratifying and just reward for the teamwork lasting nearly 10 years."

“我們真的很高興ESPRESSO可以產(chǎn)生更好的測(cè)量結(jié)果，這是令人滿意的，也是對(duì)持續(xù)近10年的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的回報(bào)。”

ESPRESSO can measure the radial velocity of stars like Proxima Centauri with an accuracy of 11.8 inches per second — sensitive enough to determine if a star has any rocky planets in its entourage.

ESPRESSO可以測(cè)量像比鄰星這樣的恒星的徑向速度，精度為11.8英寸/秒，足夠靈敏，可以確定恒星周圍是否有巖石行星。

And sure enough, when trained on Proxima Centauri, ESPRESSO sniffed out a promising planet. Although it's a lot closer to its host star than Earth is our own sun, it basks in about the same amount of energy. That means its surface temperature could be comparable, which in turn, raises the possibility that water flows there.

果然，當(dāng)在比鄰星上訓(xùn)練時(shí)，ESPRESSO發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆大有希望的行星。雖然它比地球離太陽(yáng)更近，但它吸收的能量和太陽(yáng)差不多。這意味著它的表面溫度可以比較，這反過(guò)來(lái)提高了水在那里流動(dòng)的可能性。

But there's a catch. Proxima Centauri isn't like the sun we know. As a red dwarf, it's constantly radiating X-rays — several hundred times more than what we receive here on Earth.

但有個(gè)問(wèn)題。比鄰星不像我們所知的太陽(yáng)。作為一顆紅矮星，它不斷地發(fā)出x射線——比我們?cè)诘厍蛏辖邮盏降倪€要多幾百倍。

If there's life on Proxima b, it has found a way to overcome that steady bombardment. Or, as the researchers, suggest, the planet itself may have developed its own X-ray shielding atmosphere.

如果比鄰星上有生命，它已經(jīng)找到了一種克服持續(xù)轟擊的方法?；蛘?，正如研究人員所說(shuō)，行星本身可能已經(jīng)形成了自己的x射線屏蔽大氣層。

"Is there an atmosphere that protects the planet from these deadly rays?" study co-author Christophe Lovis muses in the release. "And if this atmosphere exists, does it contain the chemical elements that promote the development of life (oxygen, for example)? How long have these favourable conditions existed?"

研究報(bào)告的合著者克里斯托弗·洛維斯在新聞稿中沉思道:“是否有大氣層保護(hù)地球免受這些致命射線的傷害?如果這種大氣存在，它是否含有促進(jìn)生命發(fā)展的化學(xué)元素(例如氧氣)?這些有利條件存在多久了?”

While Earth-like planets are being discovered with increasing frequency — thanks to new, more powerful telescopes and sensory equipment — the confirmation of Proxima b is a particularly exciting development.

由于新的、更強(qiáng)大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡和感官設(shè)備的出現(xiàn)，類地行星被發(fā)現(xiàn)的頻率越來(lái)越高，而Proxima b的確認(rèn)是一個(gè)特別令人興奮的進(jìn)展。

Mostly because it's so close — just 4.2-million light-year rocket ride away. And also because it points to even more exciting discoveries in the future, thanks to ESPRESSO's planet-hunting prowess.

主要是因?yàn)樗x我們很近，只有420萬(wàn)光年的火箭飛行距離。同時(shí)也因?yàn)樗赋隽宋磥?lái)更令人興奮的發(fā)現(xiàn)，這要?dú)w功于ESPRESSO的行星搜尋能力。

"ESPRESSO has made it possible to measure the mass of the planet with a precision of over one-tenth of the mass of Earth," Nobel-Prize-winning physicist Michel Mayor notes in the release. "It's completely unheard of."

諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主、物理學(xué)家米歇爾·馬約爾在新聞稿中寫(xiě)道:“ESPRESSO使測(cè)量地球質(zhì)量的精度超過(guò)地球質(zhì)量的十分之一成為可能。這完全是聞所未聞。”