世界500強(qiáng)CEO訪談 第74期:谷歌埃里克施密特 消費(fèi)者才是最滿足的顧客(1)

Reporter: When you joined Google it was just a search engine. Now it’s redefining the way the world thinks about computing. Explain.

記者：當(dāng)您加入到谷歌公司的時(shí)候，谷歌還只是一個(gè)搜索引擎，現(xiàn)在它卻重新定義了全世界對(duì)于計(jì)算機(jī)的看法，請(qǐng)您對(duì)此給出解釋。

Schmidt: It‘s pretty clear that there’s an architectural shiReporter going on. These occur every 10 or 20 years. The previous architecture was a proprietary network with PC clients called client-server computing. With this new architecture you’re always online; every device can see every application; and the applications are stored in the cloud. It means that your servers are professionally managed, so you can actually have a weekend and not spend all your time trying to manage your servers. It’s like having banks manage your money rather than you managing your money. And the networks have become secure, and the computers have become fast enough that this is mechanically possible—it actually works. The other thing that’s interesting is that the new architecture brings in other voices. The earlier model was pretty proprietary. The protocols, which were typically Microsoft-based, didn’t allow for other (interface) choices very well. Now, with the Internet protocols you can pretty much plug in your own interpretation of how email should work and your own interpretation of how voice over IP should work. This point about anyone being able to enter the market is a big deal. Photo sharing, social networks, all of them have this property. And what’s interesting is that Google, although we’re one of the companies, we're, by far, not the only company that’s doing this. Yahoo is an example of a company like this. eBay is a company like this. Amazon is a company like this. And each of the companies I’ve named makes money in a different way.

施密特：很顯然，現(xiàn)在有很多結(jié)構(gòu)方面的轉(zhuǎn)變，每10年或20年就會(huì)發(fā)生一次。 之前的結(jié)構(gòu)是個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)客戶帶來(lái)的專有網(wǎng)絡(luò)，那被稱為客戶機(jī)-服務(wù)器計(jì)算。 新的結(jié)構(gòu)是客戶機(jī)一直在線，每一個(gè)裝置都對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，這些誚用程序也都被保存了起來(lái)。這就表明了你的服務(wù)器得到了很專業(yè)的管理，這樣的話事實(shí)上你就能好好過(guò)一個(gè)周末而不是把所有的時(shí)間都用來(lái)管理您的服務(wù)器。這就像是讓銀行來(lái)管理你的錢而不是自己來(lái)進(jìn)行管理。這樣的話，網(wǎng)絡(luò)就會(huì)變得很安全，計(jì)算機(jī)的速度也會(huì)發(fā)展得足夠快，這在機(jī)械方面是有可能的，而且這也確實(shí)有效。還有一件有趣的事情就是新的結(jié)構(gòu)帶來(lái)了其他的聲音。早期的形式都是非常專有的，典型地就是基于微軟的協(xié)議，并不允許選擇其他的接口。現(xiàn)在有了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議，你可以插入很多自己的詮釋，電子郵件應(yīng)該怎樣工作，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議語(yǔ)音技術(shù)應(yīng)該怎樣工作等等。還有一點(diǎn)是任何人都可以進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)中去，這是一件重要的事情。分享圖片、社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)等這些都有這樣的特征。有趣的是，至今為止，谷歌并不是唯一一家這樣做的公司，雅虎、易趣和亞馬遜也都是這樣，但是我說(shuō)的這些公司都以不同的方式為公司營(yíng)利。

Reporter: Right. Isn’t it more likely that we’ll have a hybrid model—with some applications in the cloud and others on the desktop?

記者：好。那是不是有可能我們以后會(huì)有一個(gè)混合的模式，即有一些應(yīng)用程序在云里而另一些在桌面上?

Schmidt: It depends. There is not a middle ground when it comes to protocols. In order for this vision (of cloud computing) to work, the protocols have to be open. They can’t be proprietary. Everyone has to have access to them. So that’s a clear, binary answer. With respect to the user experience, which I think is your real question, a hybrid works depending on how it’s architected. Games are a good example because it，s very, very hard to imagine games that are network resident only. They’re so highly interactive.

施密特：這要視情況而定。當(dāng)涉及到協(xié)議的時(shí)候，我們沒(méi)有中間立場(chǎng)。要使云程序能夠很好地運(yùn)行，我們必須要有一個(gè)開(kāi)放的協(xié)議，它不能是專有的，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有權(quán)力訪問(wèn)，所以這是一個(gè)清楚的二元的答案。我想你的真正的問(wèn)題是，考慮到用戶的經(jīng)歷，一個(gè)混合系統(tǒng)能否很好的工作取決于它是怎樣被設(shè)計(jì)的。游戲是一個(gè)很好的例子，很難想象所有的游戲都只是駐留網(wǎng)絡(luò)的，因?yàn)槟鞘切枰叨然?dòng)的。

Reporter: Right.

記者：是的。

Schmidt: But it’s perfectly possible to have most of the other computing being done on the server, so that’s an example of a hybrid model. If it’s something (like a video or a document or a spreadsheet) where there’s relatively few changes (to the file), you can put it on a service (in the cloud) and then you can cache it locally.

施密特：但是使其他計(jì)算都通過(guò)服務(wù)器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)還是很有可能的，那就是混合系統(tǒng)模式的一個(gè)很好的例子。如果有一些程序(比如一段錄象，一個(gè)文檔或一個(gè)電子表格)你不需要對(duì)它進(jìn)行改變或只改變很少，那你就可以不必把它放在服務(wù)器(云里)上，將它緩存在本地就可以了。

Reporter: All these features don’t exist yet, though.

記者：但是這些特征現(xiàn)在都還不存在。