特朗普承認(rèn)耶路撒冷為以色列首都

Trump upends decades of policy on Israel
特朗普承認(rèn)耶路撒冷為以色列首都

In deciding to recognise Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and trigger plans to move the US embassy there from Tel Aviv, President Donald Trump has defied warnings from allies across the world and overturned decades of US foreign policy.

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)不顧世界各地盟友的警告，決定承認(rèn)耶路撒冷為以色列首都，并啟動(dòng)將美國(guó)大使館從特拉維夫遷往耶路撒冷的計(jì)劃。此舉推翻了美國(guó)數(shù)十年來(lái)的外交政策。

The US president said he would take the landmark step yesterday afternoon, describing it as a long overdue move that would advance the peace process and declaring the US would support a two-state solution for the Palestinians and Israelis should the sides embrace such an outcome.

美國(guó)總統(tǒng)表示，他將在周三下午邁出具有里程碑意義的這一步。他稱(chēng)這是一個(gè)早就應(yīng)該作出的有助于推進(jìn)和平進(jìn)程的舉動(dòng)，并宣布如果巴勒斯坦和以色列雙方都接受的話，美國(guó)將支持一個(gè)“兩國(guó)方案”。

The decision allows Mr Trump to demonstrate resolve on a hugely symbolic issue and redeem a pledge to supporters and donors that he first made during the presidential campaign. The president dismayed some backers in June when he continued with previous practice by signing a six-month waiver to a congressional requirement demanding that the US embassy be moved.

這個(gè)決定使特朗普得以在一個(gè)具有巨大象征意義的問(wèn)題上展現(xiàn)出決心，并兌現(xiàn)他在競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)期間對(duì)支持者和捐贈(zèng)者作出的承諾。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)在6月份讓一些支持者感到失望，當(dāng)時(shí)他延續(xù)白宮的一貫做法，針對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)對(duì)搬遷美國(guó)大使館的要求簽署了為期六個(gè)月的臨時(shí)中止令。

“It is clear he doesn’t like exercising these waivers, and he doesn’t like to look like other presidents; he is showing he does it his way,” said Dennis Ross, a former Middle East adviser at the White House who is now at the Washington Institute.

“顯然，他不喜歡行使總統(tǒng)的法律條款臨時(shí)中止權(quán)，他不喜歡看起來(lái)像是其他總統(tǒng)；他正在展示他以自己的方式行事，”白宮前中東顧問(wèn)、如今任職于華盛頓近東政策研究所(Washington Institute for Near East Policy)的丹尼斯•羅斯(Dennis Ross)表示。

Mr Trump portrayed the decision as an inevitable recognition of reality, and advisers dismissed warnings from the Palestinians and allies including Jordan that it could derail the peace talks. The US was not pre-empting future discussions over how Jerusalem could ultimately be divided up, and nor was it questioning ultra-sensitive areas including the area known as the Temple Mount to Jews and the Haram al-Sharif to Muslims, they insisted.

特朗普將這一決定描繪為對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)不可避免的承認(rèn)，同時(shí)他的顧問(wèn)們對(duì)巴勒斯坦以及盟友（包括約旦）有關(guān)此舉可能破壞和談的警告不以為然。他們堅(jiān)稱(chēng)，美國(guó)并沒(méi)有阻止各方在未來(lái)就耶路撒冷最終如何分割的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論，美方也沒(méi)有質(zhì)疑一些極其敏感的地區(qū)，包括被猶太人稱(chēng)為“圣殿山”(Temple Mount)、被穆斯林稱(chēng)為“謝里夫圣地”(Haram al-Sharif)的地區(qū)。

Moving the embassy could take years to achieve, and the president will meanwhile once again sign another six-month waiver under a congressional law requiring it to be relocated. The move would help the peace process by demonstrating the president’s credibility to the world, said one White House official. “It rectifies this historic wrong. He’s not a man who makes excuses.”

搬遷大使館計(jì)劃可能需要幾年時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，與此同時(shí)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)將再度針對(duì)要求搬遷美國(guó)大使館的國(guó)會(huì)法律，簽署又一個(gè)六個(gè)月臨時(shí)中止令。一名白宮官員表示，此舉將通過(guò)向世界展示總統(tǒng)的可信度來(lái)推動(dòng)和平進(jìn)程。“它糾正了這個(gè)歷史錯(cuò)誤。他不是找借口的人。”

Leaders around the world — among them Mahmoud Abbas, the president of the Palestinian Authority, King Abdullah of Jordan, and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan — warned the move would have dangerous consequences. The Saudi state news agency quoted an unnamed foreign ministry official as saying the recognition will have “serious implications and will be provocative to all Muslims”.

世界各地的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人——包括巴勒斯坦民族權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)主席馬哈茂德•阿巴斯(Mahmoud Abbas)、約旦國(guó)王阿卜杜拉二世(King Abdullah)和土耳其總統(tǒng)雷杰普•塔伊普•埃爾多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)——紛紛警告此舉將會(huì)帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)后果。沙特阿拉伯的國(guó)家通訊社援引一名不愿透露姓名的外交部官員的話稱(chēng)，承認(rèn)耶路撒冷為以色列首都將產(chǎn)生“嚴(yán)重潛在影響，并且對(duì)所有穆斯林都具有挑釁性”。

The status of the divided city is hugely delicate and its fate is one of the thorniest issues of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. Israel regards Jerusalem as its undivided capital and claims sovereignty over the whole city. But the international community views East Jerusalem as occupied land and the Palestinians consider it their future capital.

這個(gè)分裂城市的地位極為微妙，其命運(yùn)是以巴和平進(jìn)程中最棘手的問(wèn)題之一。以色列認(rèn)為耶路撒冷是其不可分割的首都，并主張其對(duì)整個(gè)城市擁有主權(quán)。但國(guó)際社會(huì)認(rèn)為東耶路撒冷是被占領(lǐng)的土地，巴勒斯坦人認(rèn)為東耶路撒冷是他們未來(lái)的首都。

No nation has an embassy in Jerusalem. The international community’s position has long been that Jerusalem’s status should be determined by peace talks.

目前沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家在耶路撒冷設(shè)使館。國(guó)際社會(huì)的立場(chǎng)一直是，耶路撒冷的地位應(yīng)該由和談來(lái)決定。

While the decision was commended by pro-Israel lobby groups including the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, or AIPAC, some analysts predicted it would put parties including Mr Abbas on the defensive while emboldening extremist groups.

盡管特朗普的決定獲得了美國(guó)以色列公共事務(wù)委員會(huì)(AIPAC)等親以色列游說(shuō)團(tuán)體的贊賞，但一些分析人士預(yù)計(jì)，此舉將使阿巴斯等方面陷于被動(dòng)，同時(shí)讓極端主義團(tuán)體增長(zhǎng)士氣。

Hassan Abu Hanieh, a Jordanian security analyst, said it could enable a recruitment bonanza for jihadi groups, who will use the move as a symbol of aggression against Muslims.

約旦安全分析師哈桑•阿布•哈尼(Hassan Abu Hanieh)表示，此舉可能給了圣戰(zhàn)組織進(jìn)行招募的大好機(jī)會(huì)，他們將把此舉說(shuō)成是欺壓穆斯林的標(biāo)志。

Mr Trump has promised to broker what he has described as the “ultimate” deal to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Trump advisers, led by his son-in-law Jared Kushner, have been hoping to unveil plans for a new peace process as soon as early 2018.

特朗普已承諾要斡旋達(dá)成他所稱(chēng)的“終極”協(xié)議，結(jié)束以巴沖突。以他的女婿賈里德•庫(kù)什納(Jared Kushner)為首的特朗普顧問(wèn)們希望最快在2018年初公布啟動(dòng)新和平進(jìn)程的計(jì)劃。

A person with ties to Saudi officials said Mr Kushner had in recent months met Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman and Abu Dhabi’s crown prince Mohammed bin Zayed in an effort to formulate a new peace settlement. They discussed pushing the Palestinians into making deeper concessions, he said.

與沙特官員有聯(lián)系的一名人士說(shuō)，庫(kù)什納最近幾個(gè)月會(huì)晤了沙特王儲(chǔ)穆罕默德•本•薩勒曼(Mohammed bin Salman)和阿布扎比王儲(chǔ)穆罕默德•本•扎耶德(Mohammed bin Zayed)，謀求擬定一套新的和平解決方案。他稱(chēng)，他們討論了推動(dòng)巴勒斯坦人作出更大讓步的問(wèn)題。

However he added this had not been connected with the Jerusalem issue.

不過(guò)他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，這與耶路撒冷問(wèn)題沒(méi)有關(guān)系。

譯者/和風(fēng)