科學(xué)理論是對(duì)所觀察事物的合理解釋

所屬教程:輕松英語(yǔ)閱讀

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tingliketang

2023年01月04日

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In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related.
在科學(xué)中，理論是對(duì)所觀察到的相關(guān)事件的合理解釋。

A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced.
理論通常包含一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的模型，這個(gè)模型幫助科學(xué)家構(gòu)想所觀察到的事件是如何發(fā)生的。

A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
分子運(yùn)動(dòng)理論便是我們能找到的一個(gè)很好的例子。在這個(gè)理論中，氣體被描繪成由許多不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)的小顆粒組成。

A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed.
一個(gè)有用的理論，除了能夠解釋過(guò)去的觀測(cè)，還有助于預(yù)測(cè)那些未被觀測(cè)到的事件。

After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientist's predictions, the theory is supported.
一個(gè)理論公開(kāi)后，科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)檢驗(yàn)這個(gè)理論。如果觀察證實(shí)了科學(xué)家的預(yù)言，這個(gè)理論則得到了驗(yàn)證。
If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
如果觀察不能證實(shí)科學(xué)家的預(yù)言，科學(xué)家就必須進(jìn)一步的研究?；蛟S是實(shí)驗(yàn)存在錯(cuò)誤，或許是這個(gè)理論必須被修改或拋棄。
- Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science.
- 科學(xué)家除了收集信息和操作實(shí)驗(yàn)外還需要想象能力和創(chuàng)/造性思維。事實(shí)本身并不是科學(xué)。
- As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said, "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks,
- 正如數(shù)學(xué)家喬斯.亨利.波恩克爾所說(shuō)："科學(xué)建立在事實(shí)之上，就像房子用磚砌成一樣。
- but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house."
- 但事實(shí)的收集不能被稱(chēng)作科學(xué)，就像一堆磚不能被叫作房子一樣。"
- Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem.
- 多數(shù)科學(xué)家通過(guò)找出別的科學(xué)家在一個(gè)特定問(wèn)題上的所知來(lái)開(kāi)始研究。
  - After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated.
  - 在收集了已知事實(shí)之后，科學(xué)家開(kāi)始了研究中需要相當(dāng)想像力的部分。他們爾后擬訂對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的可行的解決方法。
  - These possible solutions are called hypotheses.
  - 這些可行的解決方式被稱(chēng)為假設(shè)。
  - In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts.
  - 在某種意義上，任何假設(shè)都是向未知的跳躍。它使科學(xué)家的思維超越已知事實(shí)。
    - The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses.
    - 科學(xué)家計(jì)劃實(shí)驗(yàn)、計(jì)算、觀測(cè)以檢驗(yàn)假定。
    - Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
    - 若沒(méi)有假設(shè)，進(jìn)一步的研究便缺乏目的和方向。當(dāng)假設(shè)被證實(shí)了，就成為理論的一部分。