高中語法專練：ii. 賓語從句

ii. 賓語從句

1. 動詞后的賓語從句

1）that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

常跟that從句的動詞：admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice, order, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish等。

Jim suggested that we go to Huangshan Mountain during the summer.

吉姆建議我們應(yīng)該夏季去黃山。

I remember that I have seen her somewhere in the past.

我記得過去在哪有個地方看見過她。

2）wh-, if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

常跟wh-, if從句的動詞有：advise, ask, discuss, doubt, find out, imagine, inform, inquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder, discover等。

I don't know what she has bought for father's birthday.

我不知道她為父親生日買了什么。

He wondered if the letter had been received.

他不知信是否已經(jīng)收到。

3）“動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句”

常使用此類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn, assure等。

He has informed me when they are going to discuss the question.

他告知我了什么時候他們要討論這個問題。

She promised me that she would give us more help later on.

她向我承諾她日后要給我們更多的幫助。

4）“動詞+ it +形容詞/名詞/過去分詞+ that從句”

常見的后跟it作形式賓語的動詞：find, feel, think, believe, make, consider等。

I heard it said that she had gone abroad.

我聽人說她出國了。

We think it necessary that we should learn English well.

我們認為我們學(xué)好英語是必要的。

He has made it a rule that we should come to school in time.

他規(guī)定我們應(yīng)該按時到校。

5）it作形式賓語的特殊句型

常見的有：see to it that ...; hate it that ...; owe it to sb. that ...; take it for granted that ...; put it to sb. that ...; take it that ...; depend on it that ...; count on it that ....

Children take it for granted that parents provide them everything they need.

孩子們把父母提供給他們所需要的一切當作理所當然的事情。

We should owe it to our teachers that in class we learn what we can't get at home.

我們應(yīng)該把課堂上學(xué)到在家里學(xué)不到的東西歸功于我們的老師。

2. 形容詞后的賓語從句

后常接賓語從句的形容詞有：afraid, sure, anxious, aware, certain, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced, confident等。

I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake.

恐怕我犯了錯誤。

We are not sure whether/if we can persuade him out of smoking.

我不敢肯定是否能說服他戒煙。

3. 介詞后的賓語從句

1）that從句不作介詞賓語，但是可以作介詞in, but, except的賓語。

The article was perfect except that there were some spelling mistakes.

這篇文章很好只是有一些拼寫錯誤。

He came late for school that morning in that he missed the early bus.

那天早上他上學(xué)遲到是在于他錯過了早班車。

2）wh-從句常作介詞賓語。

Whether we can succeed depends on how well we get prepared.

我們是否成功取決于我們準備得多么好。

He was not interested in what we would do next.

他對我們下一步做什么并不感興趣。

4. 賓語從句要注意的問題

1）當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或者一般將來時，賓語從句可根據(jù)實際情況選用所需要的時態(tài)。

I have told you three times that I failed in the exam.

我已經(jīng)告訴了你三次我這次考試失敗了。

He often says that he used to get up late.

他經(jīng)常說他過去常常起床很晚。

2）當主句是一般過去時，賓語從句必須用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。

I was told that it would rain tomorrow.

我被告知明天有雨。

3）但是當賓語從句表達的是普遍真理或客觀規(guī)律時，從句時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)限制而用一般現(xiàn)在時。

The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.

老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

4）當主句謂語是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等時，賓語從句謂語的否定要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中；但當從句有否定意義的never, seldom, hardly, scarcely等詞時，否定可不轉(zhuǎn)移。上述結(jié)構(gòu)后接反義疑問句時，用肯定形式反問。

I don't think that he is stupid.

我認為他不傻。

I believe he has never been to America.

我相信他從來沒有去過美國。

I can hardly imagine that he has lived on the lonely island alone for 40 years, has he?

我?guī)缀鯚o法想像他在孤島上獨自生活了40年，真有此事？

5）當主句中謂語是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess等，同時，wh-連詞引導(dǎo)表示疑問的賓語從句時，應(yīng)將連詞wh-置于主句前面，主句若是疑問語序，從句語序不變。例如：

When do you think he will come back?（√）

Do you think when he will come back?（×）

你認為他何時回來呢？

What do you think will happen to him next?

你認為他隨后會發(fā)生什么事情？

Where do you suppose she will go for her holiday？

你認為她會去什么地方度假？

6）當主句動詞是wish時，從句的時態(tài)要用虛擬語氣；當主句的動詞是suggest, demand, require等詞時，從句要用可省略should的虛擬語氣。

I wish I could fly to the moon one day.

但愿有一天我能飛到月球上去！

How I wish I were you !

但愿我是你！

I wish he hadn't told me of you, but he hadn't meant to hurt you.

但愿他沒有告訴我你的情況，不過他并沒有傷害你的意思。

He suggested that we (should) hurry up.

他建議我們快一點兒。

7）if?？纱鎤hether，但是當從句作介詞賓語時，只能用whether。

We should pay much attention to whether it will rain tonight.

我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注今夜是否會下雨。

8）引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that?？墒÷裕钱攦蓚€that從句由and或or連接時，第二個從句的that不能省略。

I have been told (that) I was chosen to make a speech at the meeting and that I would have to get prepared for it.

我已經(jīng)被告知我被選中在會議上發(fā)言而且必須準備一下。

I was told (that) he had been chosen monitor of our class and that he would take office next week.

我被告知他被選為班長而且下周上任。

專項練習

1. He was born in _______ is now known as Xiangyang.

A. that

B. what

C. where there

D. where

2. They were surprised that a child _______ the problems _______ they themselves couldn't.

A. would solve; once

B. worked out; them

C. should work out; while

D. would settle; but

3. _______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.

A. What; what

B. What; that

C. That; that

D. That; what

4. When we arrived in _______ our apartment was supposed to be, all I could see was a school.

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. which

5. Don't always _______ that parents will give children whatever they want.

A. take it for granted

B. take it as granted

C. take for granted

D. grant it

6. Evidence came up _______ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.

A. what

B. whose

C. that

D. which

7. We all consider _______ of great importance that we should combine theory with practice.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D. this

8. I'm not sure _______.

A. what is the assignment of tomorrow

B. what will the assignment for tomorrow be

C. what will be the assignment of tomorrow

D. what the assignment for tomorrow is

9. Give the prize to _______ you think did the work well.

A. who

B. whoever

C. whomever

D. whatever

10. Could you tell me where _______?

A. is the nearest bus stop located

B. the nearest bus stop is located

C. is located the nearest bus stop

D. located is the nearest bus stop

11. —Did you go to watch the football match?

—No, but I wish I _______.

A. did

B. went

C. had

D. would

12. Thoroughly confused, he hesitated to report _______.

A. what did he see

B. what he had seen

C. what had he seen

D. what he was seen

13. I don't doubt _______ she will learn a lot during her stay in Paris.

A. whether

B. if

C. that

D. what

14. Everything depends on _______ we have enough experience.

A. if

B. what

C. which

D. whether

15. He usually goes to work on his bike except _______ it rains.

A. that

B. what

C. when

D. whether

16. The boy has not changed at all except _______ he is no longer so talkative.

A. why

B. that

C. what

D. if

17. You can write about _______ topic you can think of.

A. however

B. wherever

C. whenever

D. whatever

18. The owner of the shop came to see what _______.

A. the matter was

B. the wrong was

C. was the matter

D. was the wrong

19. We don't care _______ they will not come tomorrow.

A. whether

B. if

C. when

D. that

20. We made _______ a rule that we read English in the morning.

A. it

B. that

C. what

D. which

21. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying-out.

A. that

B. as

C. why

D. when

22. Mr. Wang is to give us a report on _______ he saw and heard in Australia.

A. that

B. what

C. whether

D. which

23. I know nothing about the accident _______ I read in the newspaper.

A. except what

B. except that

C. except for

D. except

24. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _______.

A. who is he

B. who he is

C. who is it

D. who it is

25. The true value of life is not in _______ , but in _______.

A. how you get; that you give

B. which you get; what you give

C. what do you get; what do you give

D. what you get; what you give

26. When we arrived in _______ our apartment was supposed to be, all I could see was a school.

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. which

27. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.

A. anyone

B. whomever

C. no matter who

D. whoever

28. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _______ I can to save them.

A. whatever

B. that

C. which

D. whichever

29. You can't imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited

B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they

D. they were how excited

30. Eat _______ cake you like and leave the others for _______ comes late.

A. any; who

B. whichever; whoever

C. whatever; whom

D. every; who

31. His words don't agree with _______ the boss asks for, so we don't know what to do.

A. what

B. whom

C. which

D. when

32. It was _______ he said _______ disappointed me.

A. what; that

B. that; that

C. what; what

D. that; what

33. What has made America _______ it is today?

A. that

B. for

C. which

D. what

34. I hope that I _______ you at the party this weekend.

A. would see

B. should see

C. am to see

D. see

35. —I blamed Mary yesterday.

—I would rather you _______.

A. didn't do that

B. hadn't done that

C. wouldn't do that

D. shouldn't have done that

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