虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn) 狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

考點(diǎn)1 狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1. 非真實(shí)條件句

（1）虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反），從句謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be一般用were，而不用was），主句謂語(yǔ)形式為“should（would, could, might）+動(dòng)詞原形”。

If I knew her number I could ring her up.

要是我知道她的電話(huà)號(hào)碼，我就可以給她打電話(huà)了。（事實(shí)是我不知道）

（2）虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反），從句謂語(yǔ)形式用“had+過(guò)去分詞”，主句謂語(yǔ)形式為“should（would, could, might）+have+過(guò)去分詞”。

If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.

要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)找到他的話(huà)，我們就可以救活他。（事實(shí)是我們沒(méi)能早點(diǎn)找到他）

（3）虛擬將來(lái)時(shí)（與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反），從句謂語(yǔ)形式用動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式，或“were to+動(dòng)詞原形”或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句謂語(yǔ)形式“should（would, could, might）+動(dòng)詞原形”。

If I asked him, I’m sure he’d help us.

如果我懇求他，他肯定會(huì)幫助我們。（事實(shí)是我不打算懇求他）

注意特殊情況

① 虛擬條件從句和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式，這種現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。

If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.

如果你上次見(jiàn)他時(shí)和他說(shuō)過(guò)話(huà)，你就會(huì)知道你現(xiàn)在要做些什么。（過(guò)去+現(xiàn)在）

② 若虛擬條件句中含有were或had, should等助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，連詞if可以省略，而將were, had, should提前，構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。

Were I in your position（=If I were in your position）I would go.

如果我處在你的處境，我就走了。

Had you arrived five minutes earlier（=If you had arrived five minutes earlier）, you could have seen them off. 如果你早到五分鐘，你就可以給他們送行了。

Should he come（=If he should come）, tell him to ring me up.

如果他來(lái)的話(huà)，叫他打電話(huà)給我。

③ 利用語(yǔ)境不直接說(shuō)出條件的句子稱(chēng)為含蓄虛擬條件句。

A. 用介詞引入條件

* but for（若不是，如沒(méi)有）：注意，凡是出現(xiàn)這個(gè)復(fù)合介詞的句子，必須要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain.（=We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.）如果沒(méi)有下雨，我們的旅程會(huì)很愉快。

* without/with（在不具備/具備……的條件下）。

Without his help, I could not have done it well.（=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done it well.）要是沒(méi)有他的幫助，我們不可能做得這么順利。

With favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.（=If there should be favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.）要是順風(fēng)的話(huà)，我們可能兩天后就抵達(dá)那里了。

B. 分詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)（分詞短語(yǔ)本身就具有充當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)的功能）。

Given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.（=If he had been given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.）要是能有一定的機(jī)會(huì)，他也許就能展示出更大的才能。

C. 用上下文暗示條件。常用來(lái)表示不具備條件的連詞，如：but, or或otherwise等。

I would have failed but that you helped me. 要不是你們幫助我，我就會(huì)失敗。（but表示讓步關(guān)系，意為“除非，要不是”，常與that一起構(gòu)成but that，相當(dāng)于if... not...）

I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it.（If I hadn’t been busy then, I would have finished it.）那時(shí)我很忙，否則我早就完成了。

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.

我可能會(huì)給你更多的幫助的，但那時(shí)我太忙了。

More water and the young trees couldn’t have died.（=If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.）如果你給那些小樹(shù)多澆點(diǎn)水，它們就不會(huì)死了。

2. as if / though引導(dǎo)的從句

在as if或as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中，用過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)或過(guò)去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況。

The teacher treats the pupil as if/as though he were her own child.

這位老師對(duì)待這位學(xué)生就像對(duì)自己的孩子一樣。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬）

He looks as if/as though he had been hit by lighting.

他看起來(lái)像曾經(jīng)被雷擊過(guò)似的。（對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬）

They talked and talked as if/as though they would never meet again.

他們說(shuō)啊說(shuō)，就好像他們?cè)僖惨?jiàn)不到對(duì)方了一樣。（對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬）