演講MP3+雙語(yǔ)文稿:你知道你在呼吸怎樣的空氣嗎？

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【演講者及介紹】Romain Lacombe

羅曼·拉科姆，環(huán)境企業(yè)家，發(fā)明家，創(chuàng)造了實(shí)時(shí)跟蹤和預(yù)測(cè)空氣質(zhì)量水平的技術(shù)。

【演講主題】個(gè)人空氣質(zhì)量追蹤器，讓你知道你在呼吸什么

【中英文字幕】

翻譯者Buyun Ping 校對(duì)者Lipeng Chen

00:13

So for the past 12 years, I've beenobsessed with this idea that climate change is an information issue thatcomputers will help us fight. I went from data science to climate policyresearch, from tech to public service, in pursuit of better data to avoid the wastedenergy, resources, opportunities that lead to runaway carbon emissions. Untilone day, running in the streets with a friend, it hit me: the same cars,factories, power plants whose emissions are wrecking our climate over time alsorelease harmful, local pollutants that threaten our health right here and rightnow. All this time I'd focused on the long-term environmental risk when Ishould have been up in arms about the immediate health impact of pollutants inthe air.

在過去的12年中，有一個(gè)想法一直在我腦海中揮之不去：氣候變化是一個(gè)事關(guān)信息的問題，而電腦會(huì)幫我們解決這個(gè)問題。我從數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)向氣候政策研究，又從科技轉(zhuǎn)向公共服務(wù)，只為了追求更好的數(shù)據(jù)，以避免因浪費(fèi)能源、資源和機(jī)會(huì)導(dǎo)致的碳排放失控。直到某一天，當(dāng)我和朋友一起在街上跑步時(shí)，我突然想到：那些汽車、工廠、發(fā)電廠，長(zhǎng)期來看，它們排放的廢氣正在破壞我們的氣候，同時(shí)它們還在當(dāng)?shù)嘏欧庞卸疚廴疚?，此時(shí)此刻，正威脅著我們的健康。我一直專注于長(zhǎng)期環(huán)境威脅，但我真正應(yīng)該反對(duì)的卻是空氣中那些 會(huì)立刻損害健康的污染物。

01:01

Air pollution is a burning public healthcrisis. It kills seven million people every year, it costs five trilliondollars to the world economy and, worst, it robs us of our most precious gift,the years in our lives: six months of life expectancy in my hometown of Paris andup to three, four, five years in parts of India and China. And in the US, morepeople die from car exhaust than from car accidents.

空氣污染是一項(xiàng)非常嚴(yán)重的公共健康危機(jī)。每年7百萬人因此而喪生，它對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了 50億美元的損失，更糟糕的是，它會(huì)削減對(duì)我們至關(guān)重要的東西，我們的壽命長(zhǎng)度：它使得我家鄉(xiāng)巴黎的人均壽命縮短6個(gè)月，使得印度和中國(guó)部分地區(qū)的人均壽命最高縮短3到5年。而在美國(guó)，汽車尾氣造成的死亡人數(shù)甚至高于交通事故。

01:30

So how do we protect ourselves frompollution? The reason it's difficult is an information gap. We simply lack thedata to understand our exposure. And that's because the way we monitor airquality today is designed not to help people breathe but to help governmentsgovern. Most major cities operate networks of air-quality monitoring stationslike this one in London, to decide when to cut traffic or when to shut downfactories. And these machines are like the computers from the '60s that filledentire rooms. They're incredibly precise but incredibly large, heavy, costly --so much that you can only deploy just a few of them, and they cannot move. Soto governments, air pollution looks like this. But for the rest of us, airquality looks like this. It changes all the time: hour by hour, street bystreet, up to eight times within a single city block. And even more from indoorto outdoor. So unless you happen to be walking right next to one of thosestations, they just cannot tell you what you breathe.

那么，我們?cè)撊绾伪Ｗo(hù)自己遠(yuǎn)離污染呢？我們之所以很難保護(hù)自己，是因?yàn)樾畔⑷笔?。我們?nèi)鄙訇P(guān)于周圍環(huán)境的信息。因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的目的并非保證人們的呼吸質(zhì)量，而是幫助政府進(jìn)行監(jiān)管。大多數(shù)城市都有空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)站，就像倫敦的這個(gè)，用來決定在什么時(shí)候進(jìn)行交通管制，或是讓工廠停工。這些機(jī)器就像是60年代的電腦，能占據(jù)整個(gè)房間。它們非常精準(zhǔn)，但是體積龐大，十分笨重，價(jià)格昂貴——因?yàn)檫@些原因，你只能部署有限的幾臺(tái)，而且無法靈活的移動(dòng)它們。所以在政府眼中，空氣污染只是屏幕上的幾個(gè)點(diǎn)，但對(duì)于其他人而言，空氣污染到處都是。空氣質(zhì)量時(shí)刻都在變化：每個(gè)小時(shí)，每條街道，在一個(gè)街區(qū)中變化就有八次之多。如果你算上市內(nèi)和戶外，變化次數(shù)就更多了。除非你正好走過一個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)站，不然你無法得知自己呼吸的空氣質(zhì)量。

02:32

So what would environmental protection looklike if it was designed for the age of the smartphone? So for the past threeyears, my team and I have been building a technology that helps you know whatyou breathe and fits in your hand. Flow is a personal air-quality tracker thatyou can wear with you on a backpack, a bike, a stroller. It's packed withminiature sensors that monitor the most important pollutants in the air aroundyou, like nitrogen oxides, the exhaust gas from cars, or particulate matterthat gets into your bloodstream and creates strokes and heart issues. Orvolatile organic compounds, the thousands of chemicals in everyday productsthat we end up breathing. And that makes this data actionable and helps youunderstand what you're breathing by telling you where and when you've beenexposed to poor air quality, and that way you can make informed decisions totake action against pollution.

如果它被設(shè)計(jì)用于智能手機(jī)，環(huán)境保護(hù)會(huì)變成什么樣呢? 在過去的3年中，我和我的團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)了一項(xiàng)技術(shù)，通過一臺(tái)手持設(shè)備來幫助你們了解當(dāng)前的空氣質(zhì)量。Flow是一款個(gè)人空氣追蹤器，你可以把它放在包上，自行車上或是嬰兒推車上。它內(nèi)置微型傳感器，能夠監(jiān)測(cè)你周圍空氣中最大的污染物，例如，氮氧化物，也就是汽車尾氣的主要成分，或是能夠進(jìn)入你血液造成中風(fēng)和心臟疾病的懸浮顆粒，亦或是揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物，來自日常生活中數(shù)以千計(jì)的化學(xué)產(chǎn)品，最終被我們吸入肺中。上述的原因讓這項(xiàng)數(shù)值具有實(shí)際的參考價(jià)值，能夠讓你了解你呼吸的空氣質(zhì)量，它會(huì)提醒何時(shí)何地在你周圍的空氣質(zhì)量較差，以幫助你做出明智的決定，行動(dòng)起來，對(duì)抗污染。

03:26

You can change the products you use athome, you can find the best route to cycle to work, you can run when pollutionis not peaking and you can find the best park to bring your children out.

你可以更換日常用品，你可以找到一條更好的上班路線，你可以選擇污染較輕的時(shí)候去跑步，你還可以選擇一個(gè)空氣質(zhì)量最好的公園帶你的孩子游玩。

03:36

Over time you build better habits todecrease your exposure to pollution, and by tracking air quality around them, cyclists,commuters, parents will also contribute to mapping air quality in their city.So we're building more than a device, but a community. And last summer, we sentearly prototypes of our technology to 100 volunteers in London, and togetherthey mapped air quality across 1,000 miles of sidewalk and 20 percent of all ofcentral London. So our goal now is to scale this work around the world, tocrowdsource data so we can map air quality on every street, to build anunprecedented database so scientists can research pollution, and to empowercitizens, civic leaders, policy makers to support clean-air policies forchange. Because this can and must change.

長(zhǎng)此以往，你會(huì)養(yǎng)成更好的習(xí)慣，更少接觸污染，不僅如此，通過監(jiān)測(cè)那些騎手、通勤者和父母周圍的空氣質(zhì)量，我們也能構(gòu)建出城市空氣質(zhì)量地圖。所以我們不僅僅建造了一個(gè)設(shè)備，還構(gòu)建了一個(gè)社群。上個(gè)夏天，我們?cè)趥惗貙⒃蜋C(jī)分發(fā)給100個(gè)志愿者，他們的數(shù)據(jù)合起來，構(gòu)建出了橫跨一千英里街道和倫敦中央20%地區(qū)的空氣質(zhì)量圖。所以我們現(xiàn)在的目標(biāo)是把這張地圖擴(kuò)大到全世界，收集大眾信息，以采集每一條街道的空氣質(zhì)量信息，來構(gòu)建一個(gè)前所未有的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，這樣科學(xué)家就可以研究污染，同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)市民、民間領(lǐng)袖和政策制定者們來支持清潔空氣的政策。因?yàn)槲覀兛梢?，也必須改變空氣質(zhì)量。

04:29

Remember cigarettes in bars? It tookdecades of lung cancer research and second-hand smoking studies, buteventually, we reached a tipping point and we passed smoking-ban laws. We mustreach the same tipping point for air quality and I believe we will. In the pastcouple years alone, governments have fined carmakers record amounts forcheating on emission standards. Cities have passed congestion charges or builtbike lanes -- like Paris that turned this highway, right next to my home, inthe middle of the city, into a waterfront park. And now mayors around the worldare thinking of banning diesel outright by 2025, 2030, 2035. But how muchfaster could we go, how many lives could we save?

你們還記得酒吧里彌漫的煙味嗎？人們花費(fèi)數(shù)十年 對(duì)肺癌和二手煙進(jìn)行研究，但最終，我們到達(dá)了臨界點(diǎn)，通過了禁煙法案。我們必須達(dá)到空氣質(zhì)量的臨界點(diǎn)，而我相信我們會(huì)做到。僅在過去的幾年中，政府就對(duì)那些不遵守排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的汽車制造商征收了罰款。各大城市紛紛征收交通擁堵費(fèi)，或是建造自行車道——例如巴黎，就把我家旁邊，市中心的一條公路，改造成了沿海公園?，F(xiàn)在世界各地的市長(zhǎng)都在考慮在2025、2030、2035年前逐步完全禁止內(nèi)燃機(jī)。但我們行動(dòng)能有多快？我們能拯救多少條生命？

05:12

Technology alone will not solve climatechange, nor will it make air pollution disappear overnight. But it can make thequality of our air much more transparent, and if we can empower people to takeaction to improve their own health, then together we can act to bring an end toour pollution.

僅僅靠科技是無法應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的，它也無法讓空氣污染在一夜間消失。但它能讓空氣質(zhì)量的信息公開透明，并且如果我們能鼓勵(lì)人們行動(dòng)起來，改善自己的健康，那么團(tuán)結(jié)起來，我們就能給污染劃上句號(hào)。

05:31

Thank you very much.

非常感謝。

05:32

(Applause)

（掌聲）