閱讀理解分析（B） 如何攻克“態(tài)度題”？

閱讀理解分析（B） 如何攻克“態(tài)度題”？

解題思路

態(tài)度題要求考生在閱讀過程中注意體會和揣測作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度。這種信息有時是直接表述的，但更多的是間接流露出來的。態(tài)度題主要包括兩種類型：

1．作者態(tài)度題（表明作者的好惡），常見的問題形式有：

What is the tone (mood) of the passage?

The author's attitude towards... might be summarized as (seems to be)________.

The author is most critical of________.

In this passage the author's attitude toward... could best be described as________.

What is the author's attitude toward________.

The author probably feels that________.

The author appears to feel that________.

In this passage the author looks on... with an attitude of________.

2．作者觀點題（表明作者對某事物的觀點），常見的問題形式有：

According to the author,________.

In the author's opinion,________.

What is the author's opinion (idea) about________?

The author's main thought is that________.

Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing...?

The author uses the example of... to show that________.

作者的這種主觀情感和態(tài)度往往與全文的主旨和要點相關(guān)聯(lián)。故應(yīng)在掌握主題和主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣測作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度。

對于解答態(tài)度題，一些表示作者態(tài)度的詞匯就顯得尤為重要，以下是一部分表示作者態(tài)度的詞語：

篇幅有限，筆者無法在此列出所有詞匯，建議考生在日常的閱讀練習中進行總結(jié)。

［溫馨提示］

有些詞匯結(jié)合具體的語境會表示不同的態(tài)度。

考生要學會根據(jù)語言的褒貶去判斷作者的態(tài)度。此外，考試題型不斷出現(xiàn)新的變化，提問不僅僅局限于作者的態(tài)度，可能會發(fā)展到文中某人對于某事的態(tài)度。選項也不再是單純的肯定或否定詞，帶有程度限制的詞比較客觀，常常是正確選項，如reserved（保留的），tempered（適中的），guarded（慎重的）等。另外，作者寫了文章，就表示對這一內(nèi)容感興趣，其態(tài)度就不可能是漠不關(guān)心的，故選項中若含有indifferent和uninterested之類的詞可以優(yōu)先排除。

真題回放

Political Spins

Last week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton "chutzpah" (大膽放肆). With just one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics—with carefully-worded one-liners (一行字幕新聞) made for TV which often lack substance and clarity (清晰度).

The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller, said Mark Smith, a political science professor at Cedarville University. This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio sound bite (演講中的句子或短語) was 48 seconds, according to Smith. In 1996, the average sound bite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.

Campaigning politicians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the "Straight-Talk Express". McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth-whether it's in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan "Let the conversation begin". She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly.

But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan (無黨派的) website Fact Check. Org, calls "spin" just a polite word for deception (欺騙).

I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin. said Jackson.

Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong. (2008)

34. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans are________.

A. attractive

B. impressive

C. deceptive

D. informative

34．C［解析］此題根據(jù)原文Brooks Jackson的話中deception以及I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin就可推斷出Brooks Jackson認為所有的“campaign slogans”都是欺騙性的，C項符合題意，故選C。

Achilles' heel

... (Paragraphs 4 & 5) But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political "spin". Brooks Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan (無黨派的) website Fact Check. Org, calls spin "just a polite word for deception (欺騙)".

I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin. said Jackson. (2008年)

34. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans are________.

A. attractive

B. impressive

C. deceptive

D. informative

［典型錯誤］此題有的考生很容易誤選A、B或D。

［錯因分析］在解決態(tài)度題時，考生往往容易犯三個方面的錯誤。

（1）受到干擾項的影響。綜觀歷屆職稱英語閱讀理解試題，在考查考生揣測作者觀點態(tài)度時，正確選項要么是肯定、贊揚、褒義性的（如positive，support，useful，interesting，admiring等），要么是否定、批評、貶義性的（如disgust，critical，negative，disappointment等），而又以否定、貶義居多。故此類題型中的中性詞（如indifferent，ambivalent，neutral，disinterested，impassive）一般均為干擾項?？忌鷳?yīng)在對比選項時，優(yōu)先排除干擾項。

（2）粗略瀏覽題干，沒有區(qū)分題干是考查作者的態(tài)度還是文中其他人的態(tài)度，抑或是是作者引用別人的態(tài)度。

（3）有些考生會把自己主觀的態(tài)度帶入其中。

［正確答案］C。

［歸納拓展］此題根據(jù)原文Brooks Jackson的話中deception以及I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin 就可推斷出Brooks Jackson認為所有的campaign slogans都是欺騙性的，C項符合題意。但是一部分考生會主觀地認為選舉的政見應(yīng)該是吸引人的（A）、讓人印象深刻的（B）或者是信息豐富的（D），從而根據(jù)自己的主觀態(tài)度選擇這三項。故在解答態(tài)度題時，考生要注意不要受到自己主觀因素的影響。