閱讀理解分析（B） 如何解答“邏輯題”？

閱讀理解分析（B） 如何解答“邏輯題”？

解題思路

邏輯題目的在于考查考生既理解個(gè)別句子的意義，也理解上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的能力。在閱讀理解部分中，很多題目都是考查這一能力的，題干的形式和措詞往往沒有固定形式。但這一類題目要求考生準(zhǔn)確理解一些有關(guān)聯(lián)的句子之間的種種邏輯關(guān)系（例如概括和舉例說(shuō)明、前因后果、行為動(dòng)機(jī)、比較、條件或讓步等）。

［溫馨提示］

可以這樣認(rèn)為，邏輯題在某種程度上囊括了其他五種題型，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論是主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、猜詞題、推理題還是態(tài)度題，都可能在一定程度上考查考生對(duì)于上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的把握能力。常見的問(wèn)題形式有：

sb. is asked/advised to do sth. because________.

The best solution for... seems to be________.

Which of the following may cause/lead to... according to the passage?

According to the passage/Paragraph ×, ...seems to be______.

Which of the following best describes the organization of Paragraph X of the text?

According to the text, × × × and the author agree on which of the following statements about...?

每篇文章的各個(gè)句子之間、各個(gè)段落之間都存在一定的邏輯關(guān)系。借助上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，考生能夠更好地理解文章主旨、大意。文章中的邏輯關(guān)系主要包括列舉、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、對(duì)照、補(bǔ)充、時(shí)間順序、目的及條件等。而這些邏輯關(guān)系又是使用邏輯詞來(lái)表達(dá)的，沒有適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬙~，文章就會(huì)語(yǔ)意模糊不清，無(wú)法構(gòu)成篇章。故考生應(yīng)熟記表達(dá)各種不同邏輯關(guān)系的詞。

對(duì)于邏輯題，考生要注意在閱讀時(shí)尋找邏輯詞、過(guò)渡詞或者固定搭配，充分利用連接上下文的過(guò)渡詞與指代詞提供的語(yǔ)篇連接線索，看懂句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，了解作者的思路和觀點(diǎn)，這樣就能輕而易舉地解答題目。

真題回放

Youth Emancipation in Spain

The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.

Around 55 per cent of people aged 18～34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.

To coax (勸誘) young people from their homes, the institute started a "Youth Emancipation (解放)" program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.

Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious (不穩(wěn)定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 2000.

Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe—Italy, Portugal and Greece—are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding".

In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized, said Minguez.

In Spain, especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外甥、侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.

Parents' tolerance (寬容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.

A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist, said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos Ⅲ University of Madrid.

Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.

His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well, Masso said.

43. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT________.

A. parent's tolerance

B. housing problems

C. unwillingness to get married

D. cultural traditions

43．C。［解析］文章討論了西班牙的社會(huì)問(wèn)題——青少年對(duì)家庭過(guò)分地依賴，分析了造成西班牙青少年對(duì)家庭過(guò)分依賴的各種原因。第四段、第五段和第八段中分別講述了四個(gè)原因：Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious labour market and increasing housing prices（不穩(wěn)定的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)和不斷增長(zhǎng)的房?jī)r(jià)）；Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem...（文化因素）；Parents' tolerance is another factor（父母的寬容）。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)，A、B和D均可排除，只有C文中并未提到。此題要注意問(wèn)題與原因之間的關(guān)系，以及各個(gè)原因之間的并列關(guān)系。

Achilles' heel

Beijing-Shanghai Railway was completed in 1968. Since opening, it has been one of the busiest routes in our country. The Beijing-Shanghai Route is now served by 10 trains a day, five of which are non-stop. The journey time is just under 12 hours. Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours.

問(wèn)題：When the Beijing-Shang train runs at 250 kph, the passengers spend________on the train.

A. ten hours

B. twelve hours

C. one day

D. two days

［典型錯(cuò)誤］此題有的考生很容易誤選B。

［錯(cuò)因分析］這道題屬于直觀性問(wèn)題。題干根據(jù)原句稍加改動(dòng)而編成。選B的考生只看到了The journey time is just under 12 hours，其實(shí)這是就北京—上海鐵路線上的總體情況而言的，在下句說(shuō)得很明白：Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours，也就是說(shuō)全程也就只需要10小時(shí)了。

［正確答案］A。

［歸納拓展］考生在閱讀的過(guò)程中，要注意各個(gè)段落之間、各個(gè)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，不要匆忙地選擇答案。