2022年12月03日 VOA慢速英語：阻止火山爆發(fā)并不容易

 

Mauna Loa, the world's largest active volcano, is erupting again. Melted rock, called lava, from the volcano in the U.S. state of Hawaii is slowly moving toward roads and homes.
世界上最大的活火山莫納羅亞火山再次噴發(fā)。來自美國夏威夷州火山的熔化巖石，稱為熔巖，正緩慢地流向道路和房屋。
 
People are asking if anything can be done to stop or change the direction of the lava's flow. The volcano on Hilo, the biggest of the Hawaiian Islands, produces large amounts of lava when it erupts.
人們在問是否可以采取任何措施來阻止或改變?nèi)蹘r的流動方向。夏威夷群島中最大的希洛火山噴發(fā)時會產(chǎn)生大量熔巖。
 
Over the years, people have tried to slow the flow of lava from Hawaii's volcanoes using prayer, walls — even bombs.
多年來，人們一直試圖通過祈禱、圍墻甚至炸彈來減緩夏威夷火山熔巖的流動。

"Some people say ‘Build a wall' or ‘Board up' and other people say, ‘No don't!'" said Scott Rowland. He is a geologist at the University of Hawaii.
“有些人說‘建一堵墻’或‘登上’，其他人說，'不，不要！'”斯科特羅蘭說。他是夏威夷大學(xué)的地質(zhì)學(xué)家。
 
People have rarely had success stopping lava. Even with technological progress, stopping lava is difficult and dependent on the speed of the flow and the land. But many in Hawaii question whether anyone should test nature.
人們很少能成功阻止熔巖。即使有了技術(shù)進(jìn)步，阻止熔巖也很困難，并且取決于流動速度和地面。但夏威夷的許多人質(zhì)疑是否有人應(yīng)該測試自然。
 
Attempts to divert lava have a long history in Hawaii.
轉(zhuǎn)移熔巖的嘗試在夏威夷由來已久。
 
In 1881, the governor of Hawaii Island called for a day of prayer to stop lava from Mauna Loa as it headed for the town of Hilo. But the lava kept coming.
1881 年，夏威夷島總督呼吁舉行一天的祈禱活動，以阻止熔巖從冒納羅亞山流向希洛鎮(zhèn)。但熔巖不斷涌出。
 
The U.S. Geological Survey tells the story that Princess Regent Lili'uokalani and her department leaders went to Hilo and considered ways to save the town. They developed plans to build barriers to divert the flow and placed dynamite to drain the lava supply. They asked Pele, the Hawaiian god of lava and fire, to stop the flow. The flow stopped before the barriers were built.
美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局講述了攝政王莉莉?yàn)蹩ɡ岷退牟块T領(lǐng)導(dǎo)前往希洛并考慮拯救小鎮(zhèn)的方法的故事。他們制定了建造屏障以轉(zhuǎn)移熔巖流并放置炸藥以排出熔巖供應(yīng)的計(jì)劃。他們請求夏威夷熔巖與火神貝利阻止水流。水流在屏障建成之前就停止了。
 
More than 50 years later, Thomas A. Jaggar, the founder of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, asked the U.S. Army to send airplanes to bomb a Mauna Loa vent to disrupt the lava. A volcanic vent is a place on the Earth's surface where lava or gas can escape.
50 多年后，夏威夷火山觀測站的創(chuàng)始人 Thomas A. Jaggar 要求美國陸軍派飛機(jī)轟炸 Mauna Loa 噴口以擾亂熔巖?；鹕絿娍谑堑厍虮砻嫒蹘r或氣體可以逸出的地方。

The army dropped 20 bombs weighing 272 kilograms, the National Park Service documented at the time.
根據(jù)國家公園管理局當(dāng)時的記錄，軍隊(duì)投下了 20 枚重達(dá) 272 公斤的炸彈。
 
Jaggar said the bombing helped to stop the flow. But geologists today are doubtful. The lava flow did not end with the bombing. Instead, the flows slowed over the next few days and did not change paths.
賈加爾說，轟炸有助于阻止流動。但今天的地質(zhì)學(xué)家對此表示懷疑。熔巖流并沒有隨著轟炸而結(jié)束。相反，在接下來的幾天里，水流變慢了，并且沒有改變路徑。

Rowland said officials could build a large wall of broken rock to protect the highway on Hawaii Island. If the land is flat, then lava would build up behind the wall. But the lava may flow over it. That happened when something similar was attempted in Kapoho town in 1960.
羅蘭說，官員們可以用碎石建造一堵大墻來保護(hù)夏威夷島上的高速公路。如果土地是平坦的，那么熔巖會在墻后堆積。但是熔巖可能會流過它。當(dāng) 1960 年在 Kapoho 鎮(zhèn)嘗試類似的事情時，就發(fā)生了這種情況。
 
Quickly moving lava flows, like those from Kilauea in 2018, would be more difficult to stop, Rowland said.
羅蘭說，快速移動的熔巖流，就像 2018 年來自基拉韋厄火山的熔巖流，將更難阻止。
 
"It would have been really hard to build the walls fast enough for them," he said.
“要為它們建造足夠快的墻真的很難，”他說。

He said he believes most people in Hawaii would not want to build a wall to protect the highway because it would "mess with Pele."
他說，他相信夏威夷的大多數(shù)人都不想建造一堵墻來保護(hù)高速公路，因?yàn)檫@會“惹惱貝利”。
 
Talmadge Magno is Hawaii County's director of civil defense. He said Wednesday the county has no current plans to try to divert the flow.
Talmadge Magno 是夏威夷縣的民防主任。他周三表示，該縣目前沒有試圖轉(zhuǎn)移流量的計(jì)劃。
 
Hawaii Governor David Ige was also governor during the 2018 Kilauea eruption. He told reporters his experience showed him it is not possible to overcome nature and Pele.
夏威夷州長大衛(wèi)伊格在 2018 年基拉韋厄火山噴發(fā)期間也擔(dān)任州長。他告訴記者，他的經(jīng)歷告訴他，戰(zhàn)勝自然和貝利是不可能的。
 
Kealoha Pisciotta is a Native Hawaiian cultural practitioner. She said thinking you should physically divert lava is a Western idea grounded in the thought that humans have to control everything.
Kealoha Pisciotta 是一位夏威夷原住民文化實(shí)踐者。她說認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該用物理方法轉(zhuǎn)移熔巖是一個西方的想法，基于人類必須控制一切的想法。
 
She said people need to change to the lava, not the other way around.
她說，人們需要轉(zhuǎn)向熔巖，而不是相反。
 
"We are not separate from nature," she said. "We are a part of nature."
“我們與自然并沒有分離，”她說。 “我們是大自然的一部分。”