2022年12月04日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：為什麼很少有美國(guó)人知道營(yíng)養(yǎng)指南？

 

Only one in four Americans know about the most recent government effort to get people to eat a healthy diet.
只有四分之一的美國(guó)人知道政府最近為讓人們健康飲食所做的努力。
 
That information comes from a study released Tuesday by the National Center for Health Statistics.
這些信息來(lái)自美國(guó)國(guó)家衛(wèi)生統(tǒng)計(jì)中心週二發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)研究。
 
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) introduced the logo, an image representing healthy eating, in 2011. It is called MyPlate. The image replaced the food pyramid logo the USDA used from 1992 to 2011. Nutrition experts criticized the food pyramid for placing too much importance on carbohydrates from grains and not enough importance on fats.
美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部 (USDA) 在 2011 年引入了代表健康飲食的標(biāo)誌。它被稱為 MyPlate。該圖像取代了美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部從 1992 年到 2011 年使用的食物金字塔標(biāo)誌。營(yíng)養(yǎng)專(zhuān)家批評(píng)食物金字塔過(guò)於重視穀物中的碳水化合物，而對(duì)脂肪重視不夠。
 
MyPlate uses a dinner plate with four colored sections for fruit, vegetables, grain and protein, with a smaller circle for dairy products, such as low-fat milk or yogurt. It encourages Americans to make half of their meals fruits and vegetables.
MyPlate 使用的餐盤(pán)有四個(gè)彩色部分，用於水果、蔬菜、穀物和蛋白質(zhì)，較小的圓圈用於乳製品，如低脂牛奶或酸奶。它鼓勵(lì)美國(guó)人將一半的餐食由水果和蔬菜製成。
 
The study also found that about 10 percent of Americans had tried to follow the guidance of MyPlate. That means the program that costs about $3 million a year has not reached a big majority of Americans. Diet-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease have continued to rise since MyPlate was introduced.
該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約 10% 的美國(guó)人曾嘗試遵循 MyPlate 的指導(dǎo)。這意味著這項(xiàng)每年耗資約 300 萬(wàn)美元的計(jì)劃並未惠及絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人。自 MyPlate 推出以來(lái)，肥胖、糖尿病和心髒病等與飲食相關(guān)的疾病持續(xù)上升。
 
"This is currently the primary education tool that communicates guidelines for Americans," said the study's lead writer, Edwina Wambogo. She is a nutrition expert at the health information agency. "MyPlate should be doing a little bit better."
“這是目前為美國(guó)人傳達(dá)指導(dǎo)方針的初級(jí)教育工具，”該研究的主要作者埃德溫娜·萬(wàn)博戈 (Edwina Wambogo) 說(shuō)。她是健康信息機(jī)構(gòu)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)專(zhuān)家。 “MyPlate 應(yīng)該做得更好一些。”
 
Marion Nestle, a food policy expert, said the MyPlate program does not include an education program and does not deal with many foods Americans eat.
食品政策專(zhuān)家 Marion Nestle 表示，MyPlate 計(jì)劃不包括教育計(jì)劃，也不涉及美國(guó)人吃的許多食物。
 
A USDA official said the agency's proposed 2023 budget aims to increase spending on the program from $3 million to $10 million a year. The idea is to help the MyPlate program reach more people.
一位美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部官員表示，該機(jī)構(gòu)提出的 2023 年預(yù)算旨在將該計(jì)劃的支出從每年 300 萬(wàn)美元增加到 1000 萬(wàn)美元。這個(gè)想法是為了幫助 MyPlate 計(jì)劃影響到更多人。
 
The recent study said people who called their diet excellent, very good or good were more likely to have heard of MyPlate than those who said their diet was fair or poor.
最近的研究表明，與那些稱自己的飲食一般或差的人相比，稱自己的飲食非常好、非常好或良好的人更有可能聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò) MyPlate。
 
Dr. Vijaya Surampudi is a nutrition specialist at the University of California, Los Angeles. She said MyPlate leaves out important details about fats and the differences between vegetables. And Nestle noted that MyPlate fails to show that vegetables, grains, and dairy foods also contain protein.
Dr. Vijaya Surampudi 是加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的營(yíng)養(yǎng)專(zhuān)家。她說(shuō) MyPlate 遺漏了有關(guān)脂肪和蔬菜之間差異的重要細(xì)節(jié)。雀巢指出，MyPlate 未能證明蔬菜、穀物和乳製品也含有蛋白質(zhì)。
 
The new study advises more research into why some groups are less likely to know about and follow government guidance. It also said additional research was needed to find out how best to reach people with poor diets.
這項(xiàng)新研究建議對(duì)為什麼某些群體不太可能了解和遵循政府指導(dǎo)進(jìn)行更多研究。它還表示需要進(jìn)行更多研究，以找出如何最好地接觸到飲食不佳的人。
 
But the answer is not so simple, Surampudi suggested. People know now that they should eat more fruit and vegetables. Beyond that, the message gets less clear.
但答案並不那麼簡(jiǎn)單，Surampudi 建議。人們現(xiàn)在知道他們應(yīng)該多吃水果和蔬菜。除此之外，信息變得不那麼清晰了。