里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，巴西觀眾為啥噓聲不斷？

It didn’t take long for the Brazilians to rewrite the norms of Olympic fandom.

巴西人沒(méi)用幾天就改寫了奧運(yùn)會(huì)觀賽規(guī)則。

The list of Olympic participants targeted by Brazilian boos is long and varied: Russians, due to its doping scandal; Spaniards, as symbols of Latin American colonialism; a tennis ball boy who had butterfingers; favorites—like the poor Romanian women’s handball team—when they played the underdogs; and, of course, anyone from Brazil’s historic rival Argentina, who probably get the worst of it.

本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)慘遭巴西觀眾噓聲的人不計(jì)其數(shù)：俄羅斯人，因?yàn)猷舅幊舐?西班牙人，因?yàn)橄笳髁死乐趁裰髁x;網(wǎng)球球童，因?yàn)橛悬S油手;觀眾最喜歡噓的是不被看好的一方，比如可憐的羅馬尼亞女子手球隊(duì);當(dāng)然了，還有他們的世仇阿根廷，被噓得最慘。

Pole vaulter Renaud Lavillenie was booed by the Rio fans—twice in 24 hours—to the point he was in floods of tears on the podium, leading the International Olympic Committee president Thomas Bach to take the unprecedented step of saying the crowd’s antics were “unacceptable at the Olympics.”

撐桿跳運(yùn)動(dòng)員李納德•拉維萊涅在24小時(shí)內(nèi)被噓了兩次，他最后在領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái)上被觀眾們噓哭了。國(guó)際奧委會(huì)主席托馬斯•巴赫都看不下去了，史無(wú)前例地站出來(lái)發(fā)聲，說(shuō)觀眾們的行為“在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上令人無(wú)法接受”。

Pole-vaulter Renaud Lavillenie consoled by Thiago Braz and Sergei Bubka after he was booed at medal ceremony

— IOC MEDIA (@iocmedia) August 17, 2016

撐桿跳運(yùn)動(dòng)員拉維萊涅在頒獎(jiǎng)儀式上被噓，之后蒂亞戈•布拉茲和謝爾蓋•布卡安慰了他

——國(guó)際奧委會(huì)(@iocmedia)2016年8月17日

The fans were so boisterous at a beach volleyball game between the Brazilian and Czech teams that the public address announcer had to repeatedly admonish them against booing the visitors. A normally staid air-pistol event almost turned into a melee when unruly Brazilian fans tried rattling the concentration of foreigners as they pulled the trigger.

在巴西和捷克進(jìn)行沙灘排球比賽時(shí)，巴西球迷非常喧鬧，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)廣播員不得不反復(fù)告誡觀眾不要噓客隊(duì)。好端端的氣手槍比賽幾乎變成了一場(chǎng)混戰(zhàn)，任性的巴西觀眾總是在外國(guó)選手扣動(dòng)扳機(jī)時(shí)大聲吵鬧，試圖分散他們的注意力。

At a tennis match where fans heckled the player from Argentina, there was a scuffle in the stands (link in Spanish)—perhaps the first ever case of tennis hooliganism.

網(wǎng)球賽場(chǎng)上，觀眾們高聲挑釁阿根廷選手，一些人甚至還在看臺(tái)扭打成一團(tuán)，估計(jì)這是有史以來(lái)第一起網(wǎng)球流氓事件。

In London four years ago, the British fans got behind not only their own country, but every other in the spirit of sportsmanship. Alberto Murray Neto, a Brazilian lawyer who has served in the past on the Brazilian Olympic Committee, says that as Brazilian soccer dominated the sporting culture here, mastering the codes of other sports will be a learning process for many people who have never seen them played. “This is the Brazilian way, which is different from the very proper English way in 2012,” he says.

四年前的倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)，英國(guó)觀眾出于體育道德精神，不僅支持本國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，同樣也支持別國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。巴西律師阿爾貝托•默里•內(nèi)托以前曾在巴西奧委會(huì)工作，他表示，巴西的體育文化是以足球?yàn)橹鲗?dǎo)的，很多人沒(méi)有看過(guò)別的體育比賽，所以掌握其他比賽的觀賽規(guī)則還需要學(xué)習(xí)。“這就是巴西觀眾的觀賽方式，這與2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)英國(guó)觀眾非常得體的觀賽方式不同。”他說(shuō)道。

At the Riocentro sports complex on Friday night (Aug. 12), the fans were as much the talk of foreign tourists and athletes as the Games themselves. Marian Busch, a German tourist, said Brazilians are wonderful people—as long as you don’t run into them in the bleachers. “They do things that would be considered unfair and unsporting in Europe,” she says.

8月12日晚上，在里約中心體育館，外國(guó)游客和運(yùn)動(dòng)員們對(duì)巴西觀眾的關(guān)注程度不亞于對(duì)奧運(yùn)會(huì)本身，并且頗有微詞。德國(guó)游客瑪麗安•布施表示，巴西人非常贊，只要你別在看臺(tái)上遇到他們。“他們做的事情，在歐洲都會(huì)被認(rèn)為是不公平和無(wú)體育道德的。”她說(shuō)道。

While the weightlifters were pictures of concentration as they crouched over their bars, the low roar from the stands never diminished. The seemingly oblivious Brazilian rooters were shooting selfies, gobbling up concession stand snacks and engaging unashamedly in public displays of affection. At one point, when the noise seemed to be distracting a Ukrainian lifter, a group of Ukrainian fans, who looked as pumped up as some of the participants, brusquely told some nearby Brazilians to knock it off.

舉重運(yùn)動(dòng)員在臺(tái)上摩拳擦掌屏息凝神，而臺(tái)下的喧囂聲從未衰減。這些似乎不關(guān)注比賽的巴西觀眾在自拍，狂吃零食，公開(kāi)秀恩愛(ài)。眼看一位烏克蘭舉重選手不堪其擾，一群烏克蘭觀眾看起來(lái)像運(yùn)動(dòng)員一樣情緒激動(dòng)，他們直接沖到旁邊的一群巴西觀眾面前，勒令他們停止吵鬧。

In another arena, Australia and Malaysia were doing battle in badminton. For reasons that weren’t clear, a large contingent of Brazilians had adopted the Australian cause that night—more loudly than the Aussies themselves.

在另一個(gè)場(chǎng)館里，澳大利亞和馬來(lái)西亞在進(jìn)行羽毛球比賽。那天晚上，一大批巴西觀眾不知怎的支持澳大利亞這邊，聲音比澳大利亞人還大。

Sometimes, the fans just seemed to make noise for its own sake. At one point during a ping-pong event, a cheer went up incongruously in the middle of a long volley. It turned out fans were applauding a slender fellow in a track suit who happened to be sauntering past the bleachers.

有時(shí)候，觀眾們純粹只是為了制造噪音而噓。在一場(chǎng)乒乓賽事中，觀眾席上猛地發(fā)出一陣不協(xié)調(diào)的喝彩聲，原來(lái)只是一個(gè)穿著田徑服的瘦小伙從看臺(tái)走過(guò)。

‘Need to vent’

“需要發(fā)泄的渠道”

Olympic organizers have already asked the crowd to rein it in. “We’ll ask the fans for more silence and elegance during the competitions,” Rio Olympics spokesman Mario Andrada said last week. “The passion of the Brazilian fans pleases us all, but it’s necessary to respect the adversary. The Olympics aren’t fútbol games.”

奧運(yùn)會(huì)的組織者早已告訴觀眾要控制自己的行為。里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)的發(fā)言人馬里奧•安德拉達(dá)上周表示：“我們會(huì)要求觀眾在觀賽期間保持安靜，舉止文明。巴西觀眾的熱情固然令人愉悅，但也必須要尊重對(duì)手。畢竟奧運(yùn)會(huì)不是足球比賽。”

Besides the tradition of soccer, the unruly behavior may have something to do with the hard times Brazilians are currently enduring, sports sociologist Mauricio Murad told Quartz. With Brazil’s president facing impeachment while the country endures its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, the scream coming from the bleachers is a primal one, Murad says. “Brazilians need to vent right now, and I think that’s what we’re seeing in the stands at the Olympics,” he said.

體育社會(huì)學(xué)家毛里西奧•穆拉德向Quartz網(wǎng)站表示，除了足球傳統(tǒng)，觀眾們的任性行為可能跟巴西人民目前正在經(jīng)歷的困境有關(guān)系。巴西總統(tǒng)正面臨彈劾，該國(guó)正經(jīng)歷著大蕭條以來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，看臺(tái)上的尖叫聲實(shí)際上是在釋放壓抑的情緒。穆拉德說(shuō)道，“巴西人需要釋放的渠道，我認(rèn)為這渠道就是奧運(yùn)會(huì)看臺(tái)上的吵鬧。”

The bad behavior in the bleachers is also a consequence of Brazilians’ relatively limited interaction with the rest of the world historically, said Ronaldo Lemos, director of the Institute for Technology and Society in Rio de Janeiro. “The issue here is that Brazil is basically a very closed and insular country,” he said. “Brazilians do not live on a day-to-day basis with international people.”

里約技術(shù)與社會(huì)協(xié)會(huì)主任羅納爾多•萊莫斯表示，看臺(tái)上的惡劣行為也是巴西人對(duì)外交往有限的結(jié)果。“問(wèn)題在于，巴西基本是一個(gè)很封閉和孤立的國(guó)家，”他說(shuō)道，“巴西人跟那些國(guó)際觀眾的三觀不一樣。”

Having not traveled very much, he added, Brazilians may believe that their own manners are “universal.” That is, this is how everyone behaves.

巴西人出國(guó)旅行太少，他補(bǔ)充道，他們可能認(rèn)為自己的行為是“全球通用的”。即，他們認(rèn)為大家都會(huì)這樣做。

Columnist Marcos Sergio Silva wrote that the conduct of fans also reflects the tendency of Brazilians to turn every event into a morality play along the lines of a telenovela, or soap opera. “At bottom, we’re Manichean in the extreme and we always need to select villains,” he wrote.

專欄作家馬科斯•塞爾吉奧•席爾瓦寫道，巴西觀眾的舉止反映出他們喜歡把一切事情當(dāng)作如同肥皂劇般的倫理劇，“實(shí)際上，我們很像一群摩尼教徒，總要選出一個(gè)壞人來(lái)。”他寫道。

The German tennis player Dustin Brown, who was getting booed while competing against Brazilian Thomaz Bellucci, actually seemed to relish the villain’s role, egging the hostile crowd on. Chinese table tennis player Zhang Jike put his index finger to his lips to quiet the fans.

德國(guó)網(wǎng)球選手達(dá)斯汀•布朗在跟巴西選手托馬斯•貝魯奇交手時(shí)被觀眾狂噓，他反而很享受當(dāng)壞人的感覺(jué)，甚至給觀眾煽風(fēng)點(diǎn)火。中國(guó)乒乓球選手張繼科則把食指放在嘴邊讓觀眾安靜。

Of course, that only made the jeering worse.

當(dāng)然，那只會(huì)招來(lái)更大的噓聲。