你有時覺得自己像個騙子嗎?

你有時覺得自己像個騙子嗎?

If you have even a scintilla of humility about you, if you've ever admitted to yourself that you don't know it all, then you're probably familiar with the impostor phenomenon.

如果你對自己有一絲謙遜，如果你曾經承認自己并不了解一切，那么你可能對騙子現象很熟悉。

Successful people from all walks of life deal with the impostor phenomenon. It's that back-of-the-head, pit-of-the-stomach feeling that you might be in over your head. That you're not really deserving of the position you find yourself in.

各行各業(yè)的成功人士都在處理騙子現象。這是一種后腦勺，胃底突然上頭的感覺，覺得你并不真的配得上你現在所處的位置。

The impostor phenomenon most often afflicts high-achieving men and women who simply feel like fakes and phonies.

騙子現象最常困擾那些感覺自己像騙子的成功人士。

The phenomenon has its roots in a study by psychologists Suzanne Imes and Pauline Rose Clance, who describe the phenomenon as "an internal experience of intellectual phonies, which appears to be particularly prevalent and intense among a select sample of high achieving women."

這種現象起源于心理學家蘇珊娜•伊姆斯和波琳•羅斯•克蘭斯的一項研究，他們將這種現象描述為“智力騙子的一種內在體驗，這種現象在高成就女性中似乎特別普遍和強烈。”

Who feels like an impostor?

誰會覺得自己像個騙子?

The impostor phenomenon can rise up in any of us, though the original study on it focused on successful women. (Photo: PathDoc/Shutterstock)

Many hugely successful people suffer from the syndrome:

許多非常成功的人都患有這種綜合癥:

"It's almost like the better I do, the more my feeling of inadequacy actually increases, because I'm just going, 'Any moment, someone's going to find out I'm a total fraud, and that I don't deserve any of what I've achieved.’” — actress Emma Watson

“就好像我做得越好，我的不足感就會越強烈，因為我只是在說，‘隨時都會有人發(fā)現我是個徹頭徹尾的騙子，我所取得的成就都不值得擁有。’”——女演員艾瑪·沃特森

It can affect people of all ages. A study by researchers at BYU found that 20% of college students who participated had very strong feelings of impostorism. They found the best way to cope with their feelings was to reach out to family and friends outside of their school social group for support.

它可以影響所有年齡段的人。楊百翰大學的研究人員進行的一項研究發(fā)現，參與調查的大學生中有20%的人有非常強烈的記憶缺失感。他們發(fā)現處理自己情緒的最好方法是向學校社交圈之外的家人和朋友尋求支持。

The syndrome, some believe, still may affect more women, possibly due to some inherent differences between the sexes. At least that's what Imes and Clance first suggested: "Unlike men, who tend to own success as attributable to a quality inherent in themselves, women are more likely either to project the cause of success outward to an external cause (luck) or to a temporary internal quality (effort) that they do not equate with inherent ability."

一些人認為，這種綜合癥可能會影響更多的女性，這可能是由于性別之間的一些固有差異。至少ime Clance最早提出:“與男性不同的是,那些傾向于自己的成功歸因于質量本身固有的,女性更有可能要么向外項目成功的原因,外部原因(運氣)或臨時內部質量(努力),他們并不等同于固有能力。”

Whoever is affected, there is help. In their original paper, the authors suggest several different types of therapies to address the feelings of inadequacy that come with the syndrome. Once the therapies are undertaken, and the so-called impostor commits to changing the behaviors that undermine a feeling of accomplishment, the patient "begins to be free of the burden of believing she is a phony and can more fully participate in the joys, zest, and power of her accomplishments."

無論誰受到影響，都有幫助。在他們最初的論文中，作者提出了幾種不同類型的治療方法來解決伴隨綜合癥而來的不足感。一旦進行治療,所謂的騙子致力于改變破壞成就感的行為，病人“開始擺脫認為自己是騙子的負擔，能夠更充分地享受自己成就帶來的快樂、熱情和力量。”

Which is a lot better than feeling like you're getting away with something.

這比你感覺自己僥幸成功要好得多。