隨著美國(guó)的重啟，這是健康專家想讓你知道的

隨著美國(guó)的重啟，這是健康專家想讓你知道的

Over the last few months, we have largely stayed at home to curb the spread of a new pathogen. While we all watch the race for a vaccine for this novel coronavirus, the world is also growing impatient, and frankly, a little stir crazy.

在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月里，我們大部分時(shí)間都呆在家里，以遏制一種新病原體的傳播。當(dāng)我們都在觀看這種新型冠狀病毒疫苗的研制競(jìng)賽時(shí)，世界也變得越來(lái)越不耐煩，坦率地說(shuō)，有點(diǎn)瘋狂。

Every call I get from family and friends and every discussion around our own dinner table is fundamentally about the same thing: What is the risk of a particular activity? Because Covid-19 is novel, we are forced to evaluate risk in a way that is new for most of us. The truth is, even experts who have spent their lives studying viruses struggle with these decisions. Yet, with limited information and everything on the line, these decisions must be made.

我接到的每一個(gè)來(lái)自家人和朋友的電話，以及圍繞著我們餐桌的每一次討論，本質(zhì)上都是同一個(gè)問(wèn)題:某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是什么?由于Covid-19是一種新疾病，我們被迫以一種對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)都是全新的方式評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。事實(shí)是，即使是花了畢生精力研究病毒的專家也很難做出這樣的決定。然而，在有限的信息和一切都處于危險(xiǎn)之中的情況下，必須做出這些決定。

Here, we are trying to open a dialogue about navigating life through a pandemic. While nobody has all the answers, everybody has something to add to this conversation.

在這里，我們正試圖開(kāi)啟一場(chǎng)對(duì)話，探討如何在大流行中引領(lǐng)生活。雖然沒(méi)有人知道所有的答案，但是在這場(chǎng)談話中每個(gè)人都有一些東西要說(shuō)。

Dr. Jay C. Butler

Jay C. 巴特勒博士

Things have opened up: Where are we as a nation? What is it like for you where you are?

事情已經(jīng)重新開(kāi)放：我們作為國(guó)家處于什么方位?在那里感覺(jué)怎么樣?

Butler is the deputy director for infectious diseases at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.

巴特勒是亞特蘭大美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心傳染病部門的副主任。

I would say “things are opening up”— there is variability in how much mitigation measures are easing up in difference jurisdictions. This is appropriate, given that the disease transmission rates differ from one area to another. As a nation, we have been successful in “flattening the curve.” But in some areas, transmission is on the upswing, often driven by clusters in facilities such as long-term care facilities, certain worksites or any high congregated settings.

我會(huì)說(shuō)，“事情正在逐漸開(kāi)放”——不同司法管轄區(qū)的緩解措施有所不同。這是適當(dāng)?shù)?，因?yàn)椴煌貐^(qū)的疾病傳播率不同。作為一個(gè)國(guó)家，我們已經(jīng)成功地“拉平了(疾病)曲線”。“但在一些地區(qū)，傳播呈上升趨勢(shì)，往往是由長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理機(jī)構(gòu)、某些工作場(chǎng)所或任何高度集中的環(huán)境等設(shè)施的集群驅(qū)動(dòng)的。

The virus is still present and currently most people are still susceptible, even in some of the hardest hit areas. A complete switch to being “opened up” will very likely cause a rebound in the number of cases and run the risk of overwhelming critical infrastructure and the healthcare system with a large number of people who are ill at the same time.

病毒仍然存在，目前大多數(shù)人仍然易受感染，即使在一些受影響最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)也是如此。完全“開(kāi)放”將很可能導(dǎo)致病例數(shù)量反彈，同時(shí)有大量患者患病，可能使關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)不堪重負(fù)。

What is the single most important milestone that needs to be met before we reopen?

在我們重新開(kāi)放之前需要達(dá)到的最重要的里程碑是什么?

There are a number of metrics that should be monitored to track the effects of opening up and guide us in the decision of whether to increase certain mitigation measure again.

有一些指標(biāo)應(yīng)該被監(jiān)控，以跟蹤開(kāi)放的影響，并指導(dǎo)我們決定是否再次增加某些緩解措施。

These include: (1) the number of cases in the community and the trends in the number of new cases, (2) the amount of illness in the community (both Covid-19-like illness and influenza-like illness to provide a measure of whether the healthcare system may be overwhelmed), and (3) the readiness of the health care and public health systems.

其中包括：(1)出現(xiàn)病例的社區(qū)數(shù)量和新病例數(shù)量的趨勢(shì);(2)社區(qū)的疾病數(shù)量(包括Covid-19樣疾病和流感樣疾病，以衡量醫(yī)療體系是否不堪重負(fù))，(3)衛(wèi)生保健和公共衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的準(zhǔn)備程度。

Which services do you think should be first to reopen in your community?

你認(rèn)為哪些服務(wù)應(yīng)該首先在你的社區(qū)重新開(kāi)放?

The first services that I hope to see restored are basic medical, dental, and mental health services. While some care can be provided by telemedicine, and can be provided very well, not all care can. Ongoing care for chronic medical conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and addictions, will need to resume to maintain health of persons with these conditions.

我希望恢復(fù)的第一項(xiàng)服務(wù)是基本醫(yī)療、牙科和精神衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。雖然有些護(hù)理可以通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療提供，而且可以提供得很好，但并不是所有的護(hù)理都可以。需要繼續(xù)對(duì)包括高血壓、糖尿病、癌癥和成癮在內(nèi)的慢性疾病進(jìn)行治療，以維持這些疾病患者的健康。