英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí):這樣學(xué)才記得牢

1. Vary Your Study Space

更換學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)所

A study shows students who studied a list of words in a windowless room and again in a room with a view did far better on a test than students who studied only in the room without a view.

研究表明，先在一間無(wú)窗教室里學(xué)習(xí)單詞后搬到有窗教室的學(xué)生要比一直在無(wú)窗教室里學(xué)習(xí)并且欣賞不到風(fēng)景的學(xué)生掌握得更好。

Dr. Robert A. Bjork, psychologist at the University of California, L.A. and senior author of the research, states, “What we think is happening here is that, when the outside context is varied, the information is enriched, and this slows down forgetting.”

加利福尼亞大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的心理學(xué)家羅伯特·A·比約克博士稱(chēng)，“我們認(rèn)為之所以會(huì)產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果，是因?yàn)橥獠凯h(huán)境改變時(shí)，學(xué)生獲得的信息變豐富了，這就減緩了遺忘的過(guò)程。”

2. Vary What You Study

更換學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容

The same principal may apply to what you study. Musicians and athletes have known this for years. They practice cross-training.

相同的原理可以用在學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容上，多年前音樂(lè)家和運(yùn)動(dòng)員就已經(jīng)知道這個(gè)道理了。他們采用交叉培訓(xùn)的方式來(lái)練習(xí)。

“Varying the type of material studied in a single sitting — alternating, for example, among vocabulary, reading and speaking in a new language — seems to leave a deeper impression on the brain than does concentrating on just one skill at a time,” Carey writes.

凱利在其研究中寫(xiě)道，“在同一段時(shí)間里學(xué)習(xí)不同類(lèi)別的內(nèi)容，比如，學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)新語(yǔ)言時(shí)可以在詞匯、閱讀、口語(yǔ)等不同技能間轉(zhuǎn)換，這樣比單單學(xué)習(xí)一種技能在大腦里留下的印象更深。”

It might also be helpful, and this is my advice, to vary your learning style. Most of us use more than one style anyway, but if you find yourself relying primarily on visual learning, try auditory or kinesthetic techniques. You might be surprised.

我給出的另一個(gè)也許有用的建議是，改變學(xué)習(xí)方式。大多數(shù)人都會(huì)采用不止一種的學(xué)習(xí)方式，但是，如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己主要采用視覺(jué)學(xué)習(xí)，可以試著加上聽(tīng)覺(jué)或者肌肉運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺(jué)，效果也許很驚艷。

3. Test Yourself Often

經(jīng)常檢測(cè)自己

It also turns out that when a student is required to retrieve information, say for a test, that information is re-stored in the brain in a more accessible way for future use.

事實(shí)證明，當(dāng)一個(gè)學(xué)生被要求在腦內(nèi)搜尋一個(gè)信息，比如考試，那么這些信息就會(huì)被儲(chǔ)存在大腦里，供其今后更方便地使用。

Carey reports that researchers don’t know why this is true, just that it is.“It may be that the brain, when it revisits material at a later time, has to relearn some of what it has absorbed before adding new stuff — and that that process is itself self-reinforcing,” he writes.

凱利表示，研究者們不理解為什么會(huì)這樣，但事實(shí)確實(shí)如此。他寫(xiě)道，“也許是大腦在后來(lái)重新回憶這些內(nèi)容的時(shí)候，在新加上一些內(nèi)容前，需要重新回顧之前吸收的內(nèi)容，這樣的過(guò)程就相當(dāng)于大腦的自我強(qiáng)化。”

“The idea is that forgetting is the friend of learning,” Carey quotes Dr. Nate Kornell, a psychologist at Williams College, as saying. “When you forget something, it allows you to relearn, and do so effectively.”Practice tests, then, are powerful learning tools.

凱利引用威廉姆斯學(xué)院心理學(xué)家奈特·科內(nèi)爾博士的一段話(huà)，稱(chēng)“遺忘伴隨著學(xué)習(xí)。遺忘使你重新學(xué)習(xí)某件事，并能更高效地學(xué)習(xí)。”那么，不斷測(cè)試自己就成了有用的學(xué)習(xí)工具。