動詞不定式
不定式定義:由to+動詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式是一種非限定性動詞。而非限定動詞是指那些在句中不能單獨充當(dāng)謂語的動詞,可分為不定式,動名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。“動詞不定式”由動詞+不定式構(gòu)成。動詞不定式在句中可以作句子除謂語之外的任何句子成分。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進(jìn)行式。
動詞不定式 語態(tài)
如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者,不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。如:
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語是被動語態(tài)to be invited是被邀請)
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語)
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語)
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語)
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語)
在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語的不定式可用被動,也可用主動。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
動詞不定式 時態(tài)
1) 現(xiàn)在時:一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞,有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生,有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。
2) 完成時:表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3)進(jìn)行時:表示動作正在進(jìn)行,與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。
He seems to be eating something.
4)完成進(jìn)行時:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
一般在表示情緒的動詞后加to do也表將來