研究：睡得越多賺得越多

眾所周知，睡眠會(huì)影響注意力、記憶力和認(rèn)知力等影響工作的關(guān)鍵因素，這并不讓人意外。但是一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠還有更值錢(qián)的作用。你一定不敢相信，多睡覺(jué)也能幫你漲工資!科學(xué)家們稱(chēng)，額外的睡眠時(shí)間可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯锨涝男剿?

 

 

We all know sleep matters for job performance. After a week of vacation, you may find your work better than ever. But rack up a week of sleepless nights - say, following a polarizing presidential election - and you may find yourself struggling.

眾所周知，睡眠會(huì)影響工作表現(xiàn)。休假一周后，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己工作表現(xiàn)前所未有的好。假如你因?yàn)閮蓸O分化的總統(tǒng)大選而持續(xù)失眠一周，那可能會(huì)非常痛苦。

It wouldn't surprise anyone that sleep affects attention, memory and cognition - important factors in the workplace. But striking new research suggests the effect of additional sleep has a high monetary value. A paper - from Matthew Gibson of Williams College and Jeffrey Shrader of the University of California at San Diego, based on data from Jawbone, the fitness- and sleep-tracker company - says that additional time sleeping can translate into thousands of dollars in wages.

睡眠會(huì)影響注意力、記憶力和認(rèn)知力等影響工作的關(guān)鍵因素，這并不讓人意外。但是一項(xiàng)引人注目的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠還有更值錢(qián)的作用。威廉姆斯學(xué)院的馬修•吉普森和加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校的杰夫瑞•施萊德基于健身睡眠記錄儀公司Jawbone的數(shù)據(jù)撰寫(xiě)了一份研究報(bào)告，稱(chēng)額外的睡眠時(shí)間可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閿?shù)千美元的薪水。

In fact, they calculate that a one-hour increase in weekly sleep raises wages by about half as much as an additional year of education.

事實(shí)上，他們計(jì)算出每周睡眠增加1小時(shí)，薪水漲幅相當(dāng)于多受一年教育的一半。

Now, the story is not so simple. Don't think you can start to sleep more and you will instantly make more money. It's more about the subtle interplay between how people schedule their lives, how much time they have available to sleep and how that affects worker performance and, ultimately, earnings.

事情沒(méi)那么簡(jiǎn)單。不要以為你開(kāi)始多睡覺(jué)就能立刻賺得更多。關(guān)鍵是人們?nèi)绾伟才抛约旱纳睢⒂卸嗌贂r(shí)間可以睡覺(jué)以及這是如何影響員工表現(xiàn)并最終影響薪資，這些問(wèn)題間微妙的關(guān)系才是重點(diǎn)。

To investigate how sleep affects worker wages, the researchers took advantage of a kind of natural experiment - sunset times across American time zones. Past research shows that people naturally end up sleeping longer when the sun sets earlier, for example in the winter, even if the person goes to bed well after dark. When the sun sets an hour later, it reduces nighttime sleep by roughly 20 minutes per week.

為了研究睡眠究竟怎樣影響員工工資，研究人進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)自然試驗(yàn)——利用美國(guó)時(shí)區(qū)日落時(shí)間。過(guò)去的研究顯示，當(dāng)日落較早時(shí)，人們的睡眠會(huì)自然而然變長(zhǎng)，即使是天黑很久后才睡覺(jué)也一樣，比如冬季時(shí)。當(dāng)日落較晚時(shí)，人們平均每周的睡眠時(shí)間大約減少20分鐘。

Within a single time zone, the time of sunset varies substantially, as the map below shows. For example, the sun sets about an hour and a half earlier in Mars Hill, Maine, than in Ontonagon, Mich., even though both are in the Eastern time zone. Because there shouldn't be any significant differences in workers on the eastern or western edge of a time zone beyond the amount of time they sleep, researchers use this variation to calculate how much sleep influences wages.

如下圖所示，在一個(gè)時(shí)區(qū)里日落時(shí)間相差很大。比如，雖然同在東部時(shí)區(qū)，緬因州馬斯希爾的日落時(shí)間比密歇根州昂托納貢的早一個(gè)半小時(shí)。因?yàn)椴徽撛谝粋€(gè)時(shí)區(qū)的東邊還是西邊，員工的睡眠時(shí)間應(yīng)該沒(méi)有顯著差別，研究人員決定用日落時(shí)間的差異來(lái)計(jì)算睡眠對(duì)工資的影響。

 

 

They find that a one-hour increase in average weekly sleep in a location increases wages by 1.3 percent in the short run, which include changes of less than a year, and 5 percent in the long run. By moving to a location where a sunset is one hour earlier, a worker will make an additional $1,570 a year.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一個(gè)地區(qū)，平均每周增加1小時(shí)睡眠，工資一年以?xún)?nèi)增長(zhǎng)1.3%，而從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看增長(zhǎng)5%。如果搬到日落早一小時(shí)的地區(qū)，員工的工資一年將增加1570美元。

Those differences in wages end up being incorporated into the local economy. The researchers find that higher wages actually translate into higher home values as well. A county that experiences a sunset one hour earlier has on average a 6 percent higher median home value, about $7,900 to $8,800 dollars, they say.

這些工資差異也體現(xiàn)在當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)上。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，較高的工資實(shí)際上也轉(zhuǎn)化為更高的房?jī)r(jià)。他們稱(chēng)，在一個(gè)提前1小時(shí)日落的鎮(zhèn)子里，住宅均價(jià)一般會(huì)高出6%，約7900-8800美元。

Not all of these wage differences are due directly to sleep, the researchers caution. Some could be due to the cumulative influence of other people. If the workers around you are made slightly more productive by sleeping better, that could make your work more productive, too.

研究人員提醒道，并非所有的工資差異都由睡眠直接導(dǎo)致。有些是由于他人的累積影響。如果你周?chē)膯T工因?yàn)樗吒讯ぷ餍噬愿叩脑?，也可以使你的工作更有效率?/p>

The findings suggest that sleep is a crucial determinant of productivity and wages, "rivaling ability and human capital in importance," the researchers write.

研究結(jié)果顯示，睡眠是工作效率和薪資水平的重要決定因素，“可以與能力和人力資本相提并論。”

Given the huge benefit that more sleep can bring, we should certainly pay more attention to ensuring that workers sleep more, they say.

研究人員稱(chēng)，鑒于多睡覺(jué)對(duì)人大有裨益，我們應(yīng)該更加注意確保員工多多睡覺(jué)。