默克爾呼吁在德國(guó)禁止佩戴全臉面紗

Angela Merkel has called for a ban on the full Islamic veil in a hardening of her approach to integration by immigrants as she seeks to win over critics of her refugee policies before next year’s parliamentary elections. 德國(guó)總理安格拉•默克爾(Angela Merkel)呼吁禁止佩戴遮蓋全臉的伊斯蘭面紗。此舉突顯出她在移民融入問題上的立場(chǎng)變得強(qiáng)硬。默克爾正尋求在明年議會(huì)選舉前贏得那些對(duì)其難民政策持批評(píng)意見的人的支持。

“With us, the rule is: show your face, that’s why the full veil is not appropriate,” said the German chancellor to loud applause at her conservative Christian Democrat (CDU) party’s annual conference. The veil “should be banned” wherever this is legally possible, she said. “對(duì)我們而言，規(guī)則是：露出你的臉，這就是為什么全臉面紗不合適，”這位德國(guó)總理在保守的基督教民主聯(lián)盟(CDU)年度黨代會(huì)上說。這番話贏得了熱烈的掌聲。她表示，只要符合法律規(guī)定，這種面紗“應(yīng)該被禁止”。

The chancellor, who is standing for a fourth term next year, is toughening her approach to integration in response to public concern about the arrival of more than 1m mainly Muslim immigrants in Germany over the past two years. 明年將尋求第四個(gè)總理任期的默克爾在移民融入問題上趨于強(qiáng)硬，是為了回應(yīng)民眾對(duì)過去兩年以穆斯林為主的逾100萬移民涌入德國(guó)的擔(dān)憂。

Ms Merkel is seeking to confront the rise of the populist anti-immigrant Alternative for Germany party, which is threatening support for her centre-right CDU. 默克爾正尋求應(yīng)對(duì)反移民的民粹主義政黨德國(guó)新選擇黨(Alternative for Germany)的崛起，該黨正在威脅默克爾所在的中右翼的基民盟的民意支持率。

The ban was proposed in a wide-ranging speech by Ms Merkel aimed at convincing the CDU to rally behind her in the election battle. Through the speech, the chancellor was reaching out to the CSU, the CDU’s more conservative Bavarian sister party, which has so far withheld its formal approval for an expected joint campaign next year. 默克爾是在發(fā)表一場(chǎng)涉及廣泛范圍的演講中提議禁止全臉面紗的，演講的主要目的是說服基民盟團(tuán)結(jié)起來支持她參選。默克爾在演講中向巴伐利亞州的基督教社會(huì)聯(lián)盟(CSU)拋出了橄欖枝?；缑耸腔衩烁Ｊ氐慕忝命h，預(yù)計(jì)將在明年的選舉中與基民盟聯(lián)合參選，但迄今還未正式批準(zhǔn)這一行動(dòng)。

In the conference’s annual vote for the chairmanship of her party, Ms Merkel won 89.5 per cent. That fell short of the 96.7 per cent the German chancellor won two years ago before the refugee crisis, but party officials saw it as a good result as some had feared her support could drop to as low as 80 per cent following the migrant crisis. 在基民盟黨代會(huì)推選黨主席的年度投票中，默克爾的得票率為89.5%。兩年前尚未爆發(fā)移民危機(jī)時(shí)她的得票率為96.7%，不過黨內(nèi)官員認(rèn)為這個(gè)結(jié)果已經(jīng)不錯(cuò)，一些人原本擔(dān)心移民危機(jī)后默克爾支持率會(huì)降到80%。

“A vote of nearly 90 per cent is a success, especially when you recall that Sigmar Gabriel [leader of the centre-left Social Democrats] recently scored only 74 per cent [in his party chairmanship vote],” Gunther Krichbaum, chairman of the Bundestag EU affairs committee, told the FT. 德國(guó)聯(lián)邦議院(Bundestag)歐盟事務(wù)委員會(huì)主席貢特爾•克里希鮑姆(Gunther Krichbaum)告訴英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》：“能贏得近90%票數(shù)已經(jīng)算成功了，尤其是考慮到西格馬爾•加布里爾(Sigmar Gabriel)只拿到了74%的票。”加布里爾是中左翼的社會(huì)民主黨(SPD)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，該黨最近舉行了黨主席投票。

Recognising the importance of immigration policies for her audience and the voters, Ms Merkel opened her speech, in the industrial city of Essen, with a pledge to prevent any repeat of the mid-2015 refugee crisis, when inflows into Germany increased from thousands monthly to tens of thousands. 認(rèn)識(shí)到移民政策對(duì)聽眾及選民的重要性，默克爾在演講一開始就承諾要防止2015年中期的難民危機(jī)重演，當(dāng)時(shí)流入德國(guó)的難民從每月數(shù)千名上升到數(shù)萬名?；衩诉@次會(huì)議在工業(yè)城市埃森(Essen)舉行。

That situation “cannot, should not and must not be repeated”, said the chancellor, who has previously said the full veil was incompatible with integration and called for a limited ban in public buildings such as courtrooms 默克爾表示，這種局面“不可以、不應(yīng)當(dāng)、也絕不能再現(xiàn)”。此前，她曾表示全臉面紗與移民融合不相容，并呼吁在法庭等公共設(shè)施內(nèi)實(shí)施有限的禁令。

Even though only an estimated few thousand women wear the full veil in Germany, many conservatives portray it as a symbol of the reluctance of many Muslims to integrate fully. 在德國(guó)，估計(jì)只有幾千名婦女佩戴全臉面紗。盡管如此，許多保守派人士稱它是許多穆斯林不愿完全融入德國(guó)社會(huì)的象征。

Ms Merkel’s pledge was welcomed by many in her party. “It was good to hear this so clearly from her own mouth. We need a ban on the full veil in Germany because the veil is a hindrance to integration,” said Mr Krichbaum. 默克爾的承諾受到了黨內(nèi)許多人的歡迎。克里希鮑姆表示：“聽到這話從她嘴里如此明確地說出來是件好事。我們需要在德國(guó)禁止佩戴全臉面紗，因?yàn)檫@種面紗已成為移民融入德國(guó)的障礙。”

However, the chancellor’s comments left unresolved how a ban might be implemented given constitutional guarantees for freedom of religion and expression. These have previously been cited as obstacles by some officials including Thomas de Maizière, the interior minister. 不過，默克爾的言論沒有觸及一個(gè)問題：考慮到德國(guó)憲法對(duì)宗教信仰自由和言論自由的保障，這樣的禁令該如何實(shí)施。此前，包括德國(guó)內(nèi)政部長(zhǎng)托馬斯•德邁齊埃(Thomas de Maizière)在內(nèi)的部分官員曾稱，上述保障條例是實(shí)施禁令的障礙。

In conference motions the CDU was expected to support a wide-ranging toughening of party immigration policies including a call for agreements with North African countries so that migrants heading to Europe and intercepted at sea could be returned to North African refugee processing centres. 基民盟預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)在此次黨代會(huì)的動(dòng)議中支持大面積收緊該黨移民政策，其中包括呼吁與北非國(guó)家簽署協(xié)議，以便將前往歐洲和在海上截獲的移民遣返北非難民處置中心。

The CDU/CSU bloc has risen modestly in recent opinion polls following a series of government measures to toughen asylum and integration laws. But at about 33-35 per cent the bloc’s support is short of the 41 per cent it won in the 2013 election. 在推出一系列政府舉措收緊有關(guān)避難和融合的法律之后，“基民盟/基社盟”聯(lián)盟在近期民調(diào)中的支持率已略有上升，不過，其目前大約33%到35%的支持率還是低于2013年大選中的41%的水平。

Perhaps seeking more connection with her party, Ms Merkel addressed delegates using the informal “Ihr” (meaning “you”) rather than the more formal “Sie”. In return she was given an 11-minute standing ovation that seemed to reflect the habits of a well-disciplined party rather than spontaneous enthusiasm. 也許是為了加強(qiáng)與本黨的聯(lián)系，在向黨員代表講話時(shí)，默克爾用了非正式的“Ihr”(意思是“你們”)，而不是更為正式的“Sie”(您)。作為回報(bào)，迎接她的是長(zhǎng)達(dá)11分鐘的起立鼓掌。不過，這似乎反映了一個(gè)有良好紀(jì)律約束的政黨的習(xí)慣，而不是自發(fā)的熱情表現(xiàn)。

“I would have wanted even more [of a conservative line] but this was her best conference speech in more than a decade,” said Josef Rickfelder, a delegate from the city of Munster in north western Germany. 來自德國(guó)西北部明斯特市(Munster)的代表約瑟夫•里克費(fèi)爾德(Josef Rickfelder)表示：“我本希望能聽到更多(保守主義言論)。不過，這是她逾十年來最好的一次會(huì)議演說。”