印度廢鈔行動(dòng)繼續(xù)“朝令夕改”

Bank customers in India will not be allowed to deposit more than Rs5,000 without first being questioned by bank officials, the government has announced.

印度政府宣布，在沒有接受銀行官員問詢之前，銀行客戶將不得存款超過(guò)5000盧比。

Yesterday’s move is the latest in a string of changes to the rules governing the demonetisation scheme since it was unveiled last month.

自上月推出“廢鈔”計(jì)劃以來(lái)，規(guī)范這一計(jì)劃的規(guī)則經(jīng)歷了一連串變動(dòng)，昨日的舉措是最新變化。

The finance ministry said customers would be allowed to make one payment of more than Rs5,000 ($74) before the December 30 deadline for exchanging money, but only after explaining why they had not done so in the previous six weeks.

印度財(cái)政部稱，將允許客戶在12月30日截止日期前一次性支付超過(guò)5000盧比(合74美元)來(lái)兌換舊鈔，但必須先解釋他們?yōu)槭裁礇]有在此前的6個(gè)星期這樣做。

It said: “It is expected that, by now, most of the people will have deposited such old notes in their possession. Keeping this in view, and to reduce the queues in the banks, it has now been decided that amounts exceeding Rs5,000 in old notes can be deposited only once between now and December 30 2016.”

財(cái)政部表示：“預(yù)計(jì)至今為止，大多數(shù)居民已將他們擁有的此類舊鈔票存入銀行。有鑒于此，同時(shí)為了減少銀行排隊(duì)，現(xiàn)已決定，從即日起到2016年12月30日，總額超過(guò)5000盧比的舊鈔票只有一次存入機(jī)會(huì)。”

Narendra Modi, India’s prime minister, announced on November 8 that banknotes worth Rs500 and Rs1,000 — about $7.50 and $15 — would cease to be legal overnight. He told those holding the old notes that they had until the end of the year to deposit them into bank accounts and that deposits over Rs250,000 would be flagged to income tax officials as part of his push to tackle India’s pervasive black economy.

11月8日，印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi，見上圖)宣布，面值為500盧比和1000盧比的紙幣——分別相當(dāng)于約7.5美元和15美元——將從午夜開始停止流通。他表示，持有舊鈔票的民眾必須在今年底之前將鈔票存入銀行賬戶，超過(guò)25萬(wàn)盧比的存款將由所得稅官員審核，這是莫迪整治印度大規(guī)模黑色經(jīng)濟(jì)的努力的一部分。

Since then, the rules governing what can be deposited and withdrawn have changed many times as politicians and officials have reacted to the confusion and lengthy bank queues across the country.

自那時(shí)起，為了應(yīng)對(duì)全國(guó)各地的混亂局面和銀行排起的長(zhǎng)隊(duì)，政客和官員們多次更改如何存取鈔票的規(guī)則。

Five days after the policy was first announced, the government raised the limit of how much old currency could be exchanged for new notes over the counter from Rs4,000 to Rs4,500. Four days after that, the limit was slashed to Rs2,000. A week later, the government stopped all exchanges completely, allowing customers only to deposit and withdraw in separate transactions.

該政策首次宣布五天后，印度政府將在銀行柜臺(tái)可兌換舊鈔的限額從4000盧比提高到了4500盧比。但四天后，該限額被降至2000盧比。一星期后，政府完全終止了所有舊鈔兌換，規(guī)定客戶每筆交易只能進(jìn)行存款或取款。

The reasons given for carrying out the policy have also fluctuated. When Mr Modi first announced it, he highlighted cutting off a source of funding to terrorism as the main driver. After that, he stressed that this was more about recovering untaxed black money before the message again changed, to focus on encouraging Indians to carry out more digital payments.

推行這一政策的理由也在不斷變化。首次宣布“廢鈔”時(shí)，莫迪強(qiáng)調(diào)主要是為了切斷恐怖主義的資金來(lái)源。之后，他又強(qiáng)調(diào)，此舉更多是為了追回逃稅的黑錢，后又改口稱，是為了鼓勵(lì)印度人更多地使用數(shù)字支付。

Mr Modi again defended his move yesterday. Speaking at a rally in the state of Uttar Pradesh, where elections will be held next year, the prime minister gave details of a government lottery scheme to grant prizes to shops and customers who use electronic payment methods.

莫迪昨日再次為自己的政策辯護(hù)。在明年將舉行選舉的北方邦(Uttar Pradesh)的一次集會(huì)上發(fā)表演講時(shí)，莫迪詳細(xì)介紹了一項(xiàng)政府彩票計(jì)劃，讓使用電子支付方式的商店和顧客有機(jī)會(huì)中獎(jiǎng)。

Mr Modi added: “I want to urge the intellectuals of the country to tell people about the resilience shown by Indians to support the demonetisation decision.

莫迪還表示：“我要敦促印度知識(shí)分子將印度人在支持廢鈔決定上表現(xiàn)出的韌性告知世人。”

“History will not remember this move for which prime minister took this decision but for the fight waged by common people against black money.” Kiran Stacey, New Delhi

“歷史將銘記這一刻，不是因?yàn)槟奈豢偫碜龀隽诉@一決定，而是因?yàn)槠胀癖姲l(fā)起的打擊黑錢的斗爭(zhēng)。”