Students from Dongnan University in Nanjing light candles on Tuesday to commemorate the Nanjing Massacre, which began 80 years ago on Wednesday. A memorial hall commemorating the tribunal of accused war criminals in Tokyo will be built in Shanghai. YANG BO / CHINA NEWS SERVICE
A memorial hall for the Tokyo Trial will be built in Shanghai. Official planning for the memorial hall started early last year and preparatory work is steadily advancing, said Cheng Zhaoqi, director of Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Center for the Tokyo Trial Studies.
上海交通大學(xué)東京審判研究中心主任程兆奇表示,上海將建立東京審判紀(jì)念館,政府對(duì)該紀(jì)念館的規(guī)劃從去年早些時(shí)候就已經(jīng)啟動(dòng),籌備工作正穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。
東京審判(Tokyo Trial)是由中、美、英、蘇等11國(guó)法官組成的遠(yuǎn)東國(guó)際軍事法庭(the International Military Tribunal for the Far East)于1946年5月3日至1948年11月12日間在日本東京針對(duì)二戰(zhàn)中日本戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪行進(jìn)行的審判(the tribunal for accused Japanese war criminals in World War II)。
東京審判的判決書(shū)宣布,確認(rèn)日本有對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)行侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)(war of aggression)及對(duì)蘇聯(lián)、美國(guó)、英國(guó)與其他盟國(guó)進(jìn)行類(lèi)似戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之罪。認(rèn)為“九一八”事件是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的導(dǎo)火線(direct cause of World War II),日本是中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的侵略者(invader)。判決書(shū)以最大的篇幅敘述了日本侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的歷史,在國(guó)際法的高度上確定了日本侵華的種種罪行(crimes of invasion)。
據(jù)程兆奇教授介紹,紀(jì)念館內(nèi)將展示國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者收集的有關(guān)整個(gè)審判過(guò)程的珍貴歷史資料(precious historical evidence collected by researchers at home and abroad about the whole process of the court trial),包括法庭的設(shè)立(the establishment of the court)、審判管轄權(quán)的爭(zhēng)議(the disputes over jurisdiction to the trial)、量刑討論(the discussion over measurement of penalties)等。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggressions (1931-45)
南京大屠殺 the Nanjing Massacre
南京大屠殺死難者國(guó)家公祭日 the National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims
日本侵略者 Japanese invaders
反人類(lèi)的暴行 atrocities against humanity