馬云一年后卸任，阿里CEO張勇接任董事長(zhǎng)

HONG KONG — The Alibaba Group said on Monday that Jack Ma would resign as chairman, unveiling a leadership succession plan for the Chinese e-commerce giant as it faces a more uncertain environment at home.

香港——阿里巴巴集團(tuán)于周一表示，馬云將辭去董事長(zhǎng)職務(wù)，在國(guó)內(nèi)面臨更不確定的環(huán)境之際，這家中國(guó)電子商務(wù)巨頭公布了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層繼任計(jì)劃。

Mr. Ma, who co-founded Alibaba in his apartment 19 years ago and has led it ever since, will step down as chairman a year from Monday, the company said. He will be succeeded by Daniel Zhang, currently Alibaba’s chief executive.

19年前，馬云在他的公寓里與人合作創(chuàng)立了阿里巴巴，從那時(shí)起就一直領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這家公司，該公司宣布，從周一開(kāi)始，他將于一年后辭去董事長(zhǎng)職務(wù)。接替他的將是現(xiàn)任阿里巴巴首席執(zhí)行官?gòu)堄隆?/p>

Alibaba said the move was meant to foster long-term growth and reduce its dependence on any one person. At the same time, it took pains to stress that Mr. Ma would remain involved with the company. It said he will remain on its board until 2020 and would remain in the Alibaba Partnership, a group of senior longtime managers who exercise significant control over the business and its affiliates.

阿里巴巴表示，此舉旨在促進(jìn)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展，并減少對(duì)任何個(gè)人的依賴。與此同時(shí)，公司也努力強(qiáng)調(diào)馬云將繼續(xù)參與公司事務(wù)。聲明表示馬云將繼續(xù)留在董事會(huì)，直到2020年，并將留在“阿里巴巴合伙人”之中，這是一個(gè)由多年的高管構(gòu)成的組織，對(duì)企業(yè)及其附屬公司行使重大控制權(quán)。

“This transition demonstrates that Alibaba has stepped up to the next level of corporate governance from a company that relies on individuals, to one built on systems of organizational excellence and a culture of talent development,” Mr. Ma said in a company statement.

“這標(biāo)志著阿里巴巴完成了從依靠個(gè)人特質(zhì)變成依靠組織機(jī)制，依靠人才文化的企業(yè)制度升級(jí)，”馬云在公司聲明中表示。

The prospect of Mr. Ma’s departure unnerved some investors. On Friday, The New York Times reported that Mr. Ma would retire on Monday. The company’s shares fell in after-hours trading in the United States, where its shares are listed, after the news was reported.

馬云離職的前景令一些投資者感到不安。周五，《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道馬云將于周一退休。據(jù)報(bào)道，該公司股票在美國(guó)股市盤后交易中下跌。

In an interview with The Times on Friday, Mr. Ma said his retirement would be “the beginning of an era” and that he would focus on education. “I love education,” he said.

在周五接受時(shí)報(bào)采訪時(shí)，馬云表示，他的退休將是“一個(gè)時(shí)代的開(kāi)始”，他將專注于教育。“我喜歡教育，”他說(shuō)。

In exchanges with The Times after the article was published, Mr. Ma said his decision had nothing to do with some of the issues it mentioned, such as the Chinese government’s growing role in businesses or the weakening business environment.

在文章發(fā)表后與時(shí)報(bào)交流時(shí)，馬云表示，他的決定與時(shí)報(bào)提到的一些問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)，例如中國(guó)政府在企業(yè)中的作用日益增強(qiáng)或商業(yè)環(huán)境的疲軟。

Some investors in New York and Hong Kong said over the weekend that they aren’t overly concerned about Alibaba’s business and its leadership transition. But the confidence in China’s economic and political conditions is so low that the departure of an iconic figure like Mr. Ma has made them wonder how they should evaluate their investment portfolios.

紐約和香港的一些投資者周末表示，他們并不過(guò)分擔(dān)心阿里巴巴的業(yè)務(wù)及其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層的轉(zhuǎn)型。但是對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治條件的信心如此之低，以至于像馬云這樣的標(biāo)志性人物都要離開(kāi)，這使他們?cè)谒伎荚撊绾卧u(píng)估他們的投資組合。

Under Mr. Ma, Alibaba became one of the world’s largest and most powerful technology companies. It dominates e-commerce in China, the world’s largest single market of internet users. Hundreds of millions of Chinese use Alibaba’s electronic payment affiliate, Alipay, to buy clothing and gadgets, order out lunch and invest their money. In recent years, as China’s internet use has surged, Alibaba’s market capitalization has risen to levels that rival Facebook’s.

在馬云的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，阿里巴巴成為全球規(guī)模最大、實(shí)力最強(qiáng)的科技公司之一。它主導(dǎo)著中國(guó)這個(gè)全球最大互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶市場(chǎng)的電商業(yè)務(wù)。數(shù)以億計(jì)的中國(guó)人使用阿里巴巴的電子支付子公司支付寶購(gòu)買服裝和小物品、訂購(gòu)午餐并投資。近年來(lái)，隨著中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用量激增，阿里巴巴的市值已上升至與Facebook相媲美的水平。

It hasn’t stopped there. Alibaba’s sprawling businesses also include brick-and-mortar stores, online video, movies and other enterprises, and it has sought to expand in promising new markets like Southeast Asia and India.

它并沒(méi)有就此止步。阿里巴巴龐大的業(yè)務(wù)還包括實(shí)體店、在線視頻、電影和其他企業(yè)，并尋求擴(kuò)大有前景的新市場(chǎng)，如東南亞和印度。

But investors have begun to worry in recent months that Alibaba’s road is getting tougher, and shares of Alibaba and some of its rivals have fallen significantly in recent months.

但近幾個(gè)月，投資者開(kāi)始擔(dān)心阿里巴巴的道路越來(lái)越艱難，近幾個(gè)月阿里巴巴及其部分競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的股價(jià)大幅下挫。

The Chinese economy is showing signs of slowing, even among the country’s usually ebullient consumers. It faces rising competition among companies like Pinduoduo, which caters to lower-end consumers. Its main rival, JD.com, reported disappointing financial results last month, though Alibaba’s results were better.

即使是在中國(guó)通常非常活躍的消費(fèi)者中，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)正在顯示出放緩的跡象。阿里巴巴面臨著來(lái)自像拼多多這樣的公司不斷增加的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，拼多多是一家為低端消費(fèi)者提供服務(wù)的公司。阿里巴巴的主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手京東上個(gè)月的財(cái)報(bào)數(shù)字令人失望，盡管阿里巴巴的財(cái)報(bào)表現(xiàn)略佳。

The Chinese government has also taken a tougher line on its thriving technology scene over the past year. It has cracked down on video games and online news in recent months, and in general has taken a greater rolein private enterprise.

過(guò)去一年，中國(guó)政府還對(duì)欣欣向榮的科技界嚴(yán)加管控。近幾個(gè)月來(lái)，中國(guó)已經(jīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲和網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞進(jìn)行了打壓，并且總體上對(duì)私企經(jīng)營(yíng)施加了更多的影響。

The announcement also comes amid uncertainty at the top of JD.com. Its top executive — Liu Qiangdong, or Richard Liu in English — was arrested in the United States two weeks ago for alleged sexual misconduct. He has denied the accusation and has not been charged with a crime. He was released a day later and has since returned to China.

這一消息宣布之時(shí)，正值京東高層出現(xiàn)不確定性。京東的高管劉強(qiáng)東兩周前因據(jù)稱因不當(dāng)性行為在美國(guó)被捕。他已經(jīng)對(duì)指控予以了否認(rèn)，并且尚未遭到刑事指控。他于被捕一天后被釋放，后來(lái)回到了中國(guó)。

Alibaba and Mr. Ma on Monday portrayed the succession plan as a sign that the company isn’t dependent on one person. Mr. Ma’s involvement in the company isn’t likely to end with his resignation, however. He has a stake of more than 6 percent in the company’s shares. Crucially, he will also have considerable sway in the company and its affiliates thanks to its complicated legal structure. Under Chinese law, crucial licenses to do business in certain industries must stay in control of Chinese nationals when a company lists its shares overseas, as Alibaba has done.

阿里巴巴和馬云周一將交接計(jì)劃描繪為公司不止依靠單一個(gè)人的標(biāo)志。然而，馬云對(duì)該公司事務(wù)的參與可能不會(huì)隨著他辭去職務(wù)而終結(jié)。他擁有該公司超過(guò)6%的股權(quán)。由于阿里巴巴復(fù)雜的架構(gòu)，他在該公司及旗下公司還將擁有重要影響力。按照中國(guó)的法律，當(dāng)一家公司像阿里巴巴這樣在海外上市時(shí)，在某些行業(yè)里，至關(guān)重要的經(jīng)營(yíng)執(zhí)照必須為中國(guó)籍公民所持有。

Mr. Ma said he was stepping down to focus on education, a favorite subject of his. The announcement was made on Teacher’s Day, an annual event in China that emphasizes education.

馬云表示他卸任是為了將精力放在教育方面，這是他非常喜愛(ài)的一個(gè)主題。退休的消息是在教師節(jié)宣布的，這是中國(guó)一個(gè)用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的年度節(jié)日。

“I also want to return to education, which excites me with so much blessing because this is what I love to do,” he said in the company statement. “The world is big, and I am still young, so I want to try new things — because what if new dreams can be realized?!”

“我想回歸教育，做我熱愛(ài)的事情會(huì)讓我無(wú)比興奮和幸福，”他在一則公司聲明中表示，“再說(shuō)了，世界那么大，趁我還年輕，很多事想試試，萬(wàn)一實(shí)現(xiàn)了呢?!”