先來(lái)看看,搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)到底是個(gè)啥?
搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)創(chuàng)始于1991年,由科學(xué)幽默雜志《不可思議研究年報(bào)(Annals of Improbable Research)》主辦,最早在麻省理工學(xué)院的博物館內(nèi)舉行。從第五次頒獎(jiǎng)開(kāi)始,哈佛大學(xué)桑德斯劇院接過(guò)接力棒,至今走過(guò)近三十個(gè)年頭。
獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)設(shè)立的初衷,是為表彰那些讓人忍俊不禁后又發(fā)人深省的研究。搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)每年頒發(fā)10個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),除了對(duì)標(biāo)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的生物、化學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、物理、和平、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文學(xué)等獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之外,還包括其他隨機(jī)的細(xì)分獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咦再M(fèi)到場(chǎng),領(lǐng)取由廉價(jià)原材料制作的手工獎(jiǎng)杯和普通A4紙打印的獲獎(jiǎng)證書(shū)。
今年的主題是“心臟”(the Heart)。與往屆一樣,今年共頒發(fā)了10個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。所有獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨紝@得10萬(wàn)億津巴布韋幣的“高額”獎(jiǎng)金!
獎(jiǎng)杯很廉價(jià),幾周就會(huì)爛掉,打印的證書(shū)上則會(huì)有真正諾獎(jiǎng)得主的簽名。
自2012年起加入經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)——面額高達(dá)10000000000000的津巴布韋幣,約合人民幣0.18元。
The Ig Nobels are spoof prizes that are published in the Annals of Improbable Research.
搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)公布在科學(xué)幽默雜志《不可思議研究年報(bào)》上。
Many of the topics recognised in the awards actually have a serious point to them.
很多獲獎(jiǎng)的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)其實(shí)也有嚴(yán)肅的一面。
所以人們常說(shuō),搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)都是“乍看之下令人發(fā)笑,之后發(fā)人深省”的研究。
醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng):坐過(guò)山車可排出腎結(jié)石
如果你在苦苦等待結(jié)石自主排出體外,去坐一趟過(guò)山車吧。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),過(guò)山車能加速腎結(jié)石排出體外——坐后排的話效果更好。
Riding on some types of roller-coaster is an effective way of removing kidney stones.
乘坐某些類型的過(guò)山車可以有效清除人體內(nèi)的腎結(jié)石。
This is the conclusion of research that has won this year's Ig Nobel Prize for Medicine.
這項(xiàng)研究獲得了今年的搞笑諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
The US researchers who carried out the work recommend that those afflicted with the condition should regularly use the theme park attractions.
開(kāi)展這項(xiàng)研究的美國(guó)研究者建議說(shuō),腎結(jié)石患者應(yīng)定期乘坐過(guò)山車。
The inspiration behind the roller-coaster research began several years ago when one of Prof David Wartinger's patients at Michigan State University's College of Osteopathic Medicine returned from a holiday trip to Walt Disney World in Florida.
有關(guān)坐過(guò)山車排出腎結(jié)石的研究靈感始于數(shù)年前,當(dāng)時(shí)大衛(wèi)-沃汀格教授在密歇根州立大學(xué)骨科醫(yī)學(xué)院的一位病人前來(lái)就診,當(dāng)時(shí)這位病人剛從佛羅里達(dá)迪士尼世界度假歸來(lái)。
The patient reported that one of his kidney stones became dislodged after a ride on the Big Thunder Mountain ride.
這位病人說(shuō),在乘坐了大雷山過(guò)山車后,他的一顆腎結(jié)石排出了體外。
Wondering whether it was caused by the ride or a coincidence, the patient went on the ride several more times and each time a stone popped out.
他很好奇這是坐過(guò)山車導(dǎo)致的,還是巧合,就又坐了幾次過(guò)山車,每次都能排出一顆腎結(jié)石。
Intrigued by the story, Prof Wartinger built a silicone model of his patient's renal system, including artificial kidney stones, and took it with him on numerous rides.
受此啟發(fā),沃汀格教授為這位病人建立了腎臟硅膠模型,其中放置了幾顆人造腎結(jié)石,之后坐了很多次過(guò)山車,每次都帶上這個(gè)模型。
He discovered that Big Thunder Mountain was indeed effective - more so than the scarier rides such as Space Mountain or Rock 'n' Roller Coaster which involve prolonged drops.
他發(fā)現(xiàn),乘坐大雷山過(guò)山車的確可以排出腎結(jié)石,雖然飛越太空山過(guò)山車和搖滾過(guò)山車都比大雷山過(guò)山車更驚險(xiǎn),而且下躍路程更長(zhǎng),但效果卻不及大雷山過(guò)山車。
Prof Wartinger concluded that this was because Big Thunder Mountain involves more up and down and side to side movements that "rattle" the rider.
沃汀格教授得出結(jié)論稱,這是因?yàn)榇罄咨竭^(guò)山車的上升和下躍以及左右翻轉(zhuǎn)次數(shù)更多,讓乘坐者來(lái)回“搖晃”。
At the awards ceremony, held at Harvard University, each winner has 60 seconds to deliver an acceptance speech. The time limit is strictly enforced by an eight-year-girl who says "please stop I'm bored" several times until the speaker finishes.
在美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)舉行的頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上,每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哂幸环昼姇r(shí)間發(fā)表獲獎(jiǎng)感言。一位8歲的小女孩會(huì)嚴(yán)格控制時(shí)長(zhǎng),她會(huì)重復(fù)說(shuō)“請(qǐng)停下來(lái)吧,我都聽(tīng)煩了”,直到發(fā)言完畢。
下面一起來(lái)看看今年搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的其他幾個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng):
醫(yī)學(xué)教育獎(jiǎng):自己給自己做結(jié)腸鏡檢查
Japanese researcher Dr Akira Horiuchi won the Medical Education Prize for devising a "self-colonoscopy" technique using a small endoscope.
日本研究者堀內(nèi)朗因設(shè)計(jì)了使用小型內(nèi)窺鏡進(jìn)行“自我結(jié)腸鏡檢查”而獲得該獎(jiǎng)。
"This trial may be funny, but I inserted an endoscope into my colon for a serious purpose," he told BBC News.
他在接受英國(guó)廣播公司新聞?lì)l道采訪時(shí)說(shuō):“這種嘗試或許很有趣,但我把內(nèi)窺鏡插入自己結(jié)腸的目的可是嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的。”
"People, especially in Japan, are afraid of colonoscopy and they do not want to undergo colonoscopy. So the number of people who die from colorectal cancer is increasing. I do this research to make colonoscopy easier and more comfortable, so fewer people will die".
“人們都很害怕做結(jié)腸鏡檢查,特別是日本人,大家都不想做這種檢查。所以死于結(jié)直腸癌的人數(shù)在上升。我做這個(gè)研究是為了讓結(jié)腸鏡檢查更便捷舒適,這樣死于結(jié)直腸癌的人數(shù)會(huì)少些。”
遺憾的是,自己的幾次實(shí)驗(yàn)中,痛感差異很大,他在獲獎(jiǎng)感言中也號(hào)召更多人來(lái)參與這項(xiàng)研究。
這不禁讓人聯(lián)想起2015年的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哔Z斯廷-施密特,他讓蜜蜂叮咬自己身體的各個(gè)部位,來(lái)確定哪些部位被叮咬后的疼痛感更劇烈。
文學(xué)獎(jiǎng):消費(fèi)者不愛(ài)讀產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)
研究人員研究了一類人人都用過(guò),但人人都嫌棄的文學(xué)作品——產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),越是購(gòu)買(mǎi)復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)品,人們?cè)绞遣幌矚g看說(shuō)明書(shū),即使把椅子安裝成下面這樣……
This year's Literature Prize was for an investigation into instruction manuals that come with consumer products. The Investigation was called, Life Is Too Short to RTFM: How Users Relate to Documentation and Excess Features.
今年的文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給了消費(fèi)品附帶的產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明書(shū)的調(diào)查研究。該研究題為《人生苦短,沒(méi)時(shí)間讀說(shuō)明書(shū)(RTFM):用戶如何對(duì)待產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明和附加手冊(cè)》。
"RTFM" is an acronym for "read the field manual", though, according to the researchers, it has gained a new meaning by consumers who are often frustrated by the complexity of operation of their product.
RTFM是“閱讀操作手冊(cè)”的英文首字母縮寫(xiě),但據(jù)研究人員所述,一些消費(fèi)者常因產(chǎn)品的復(fù)雜操作感到挫敗,這也賦予了RTFM新的含義。
營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)獎(jiǎng):“人肉”不如其他肉類熱量高
英國(guó)一位研究人員因計(jì)算出“人肉食物”中攝入的熱量低于從其它傳統(tǒng)肉食攝入的熱量而得獎(jiǎng)。該研究是為了分析早期人類的飲食行為,絕不是為了當(dāng)今人們的飲食選擇。
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng):扎小人詛咒老板能提高工作效率
For economics, the winner was research investigating whether it is effective for employees to use voodoo dolls to retaliate against bullying bosses. This study showed that taking it out on dolls does alleviate negative feelings, but suggested in the long run that it was better to deal with the underlying issue.
員工扎小人報(bào)復(fù)恃強(qiáng)凌弱的老板,這種辦法是否有效?今年的搞笑諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給了這項(xiàng)研究。研究顯示,這樣做確實(shí)可以緩解員工的負(fù)面情緒,但也建議稱,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,最好還是要解決潛在的問(wèn)題。
化學(xué)獎(jiǎng):人類唾液能當(dāng)清潔劑
The winner of the Ig Nobel Chemistry Prize went to research that settled the issue of whether human saliva is a good cleaning agent for dirty surfaces. It is - especially for fragile, painted areas on ceramics, and on gold leaf.
研究人員證實(shí),人類唾液可以有效清潔弄臟的物體表面,特別是陶瓷和金箔上脆弱的著色區(qū)。
在論文中,研究團(tuán)隊(duì)還分析出起效的具體成分:α-淀粉酶。如果將來(lái)在店里看到人造唾液清潔劑,也不用感到太意外。
不信?來(lái)自哈佛藝術(shù)博物館的嘉賓還進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演示:用唾液輕松毀掉了一幅油畫(huà)。
生物學(xué)獎(jiǎng):品酒師能聞出蒼蠅的味道
A Swedish team won the biology Ig Nobel for demonstrating that wine experts can reliably identify, by smell, the presence of a fly in a glass of wine - possibly sparking a new genre of jokes involving sommeliers.
瑞典一個(gè)研究小組獲得了生物學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),葡萄酒專家可以通過(guò)氣味辨別葡萄酒杯中是否有蒼蠅。仿佛看到一大撥調(diào)侃品酒師的笑話即將來(lái)襲……
和平獎(jiǎng):開(kāi)車時(shí)的路怒癥
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),多數(shù)司機(jī)在罵人時(shí)認(rèn)為這種行為無(wú)害,但事實(shí)上,開(kāi)車時(shí)的怒氣與出車禍的幾率是正相關(guān)的。
The Ig Nobel Peace Prize went to a Spanish group that aimed to find ways of reducing road rage, in a paper titled, Shouting and Cursing While Driving: Frequency, Reasons, Perceived Risk and Punishment. The team's solution is to try to reduce stress on the road - a task as sizable as reducing conflict in the Middle East.
今年的搞笑諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)?lì)C給了一個(gè)西班牙的研究團(tuán)隊(duì),他們的研究旨在找到方法減少路怒癥,研究論文題為《開(kāi)車時(shí)大聲叫喊和罵人的頻率、原因、認(rèn)知風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和懲罰》。團(tuán)隊(duì)的解決辦法是嘗試降低行程中的壓力,這個(gè)任務(wù)可太龐大了,無(wú)異于在中東減少?zèng)_突。
人類學(xué)獎(jiǎng):黑猩猩模仿人類
Tomas Persson, Gabriela-Alina Sauciuc, and Elaine Madsen, for collecting evidence, in a zoo, that chimpanzees imitate humans about as often, and about as well, as humans imitate chimpanzees.
該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)頒發(fā)給了托馬斯-佩爾森、加布里埃拉-阿麗娜-蘇奇科和伊萊恩-馬德森。他們?cè)趧?dòng)物園里收集的的證據(jù)證實(shí)黑猩猩模仿人類的頻率與人類模仿黑猩猩的頻率一樣,且做得一樣出色。
生殖醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng):用郵票監(jiān)測(cè)男性性功能
研究者表示,睡眠中生殖器是否勃起,是分辨精神性陽(yáng)痿與生理性陽(yáng)痿的重要指標(biāo)。不過(guò)怎樣才能檢測(cè)到睡夢(mèng)中生殖器的形態(tài)?讓其他人一整夜都盯著自己的生殖器看可不是好主意,研究者的辦法是郵票環(huán)——睡覺(jué)時(shí)將郵票繞成環(huán)套在生殖器上,如果醒來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)郵票環(huán)被撐破了,那就可以安心了。
John Barry, Bruce Blank, and Michel Boileau, for using postage stamps to test whether the male sexual organ is functioning properly—as described in their study, "Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Monitoring with Stamps."
約翰-巴里、布魯斯-布蘭克和米歇爾-波瓦洛獲獎(jiǎng)。他們用郵票測(cè)試男性性器官功能是否正常,正如他們的研究報(bào)告所描述的:“使用郵票監(jiān)測(cè)分析夜間男性陰莖勃起”。
在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),研究團(tuán)隊(duì)還展示了一系列極具特色的精美郵票……
所以,搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)只是用來(lái)搞笑的嗎?
入選“搞笑”版諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的科學(xué)成果必須不同尋常,能激發(fā)人們對(duì)科學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和技術(shù)的興趣的研究。
因研究“磁懸浮青蛙”而在2000年喜提搞笑諾獎(jiǎng)的安德烈-海姆,在10年后榮獲諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
他通過(guò)磁懸浮技術(shù)克服重力作用,讓一只青蛙懸浮在半空中,并推論使用類似的方法可以讓人克服重力作用漂浮起來(lái)。
甚至連搞笑諾獎(jiǎng)曾經(jīng)的掃地大爺——物理學(xué)家羅伊-格勞伯,也在2005年因“光學(xué)相干的量子理論”領(lǐng)取了真正的諾獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)杯。
頒獎(jiǎng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)搞飛機(jī)
扔紙飛機(jī)是搞笑諾獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)晚會(huì)的保留節(jié)目。最初紙飛機(jī)是扔向獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩模髞?lái)為了安全起見(jiàn),只有兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)可以扔紙飛機(jī)。并且,所有相關(guān)人員都要戴上護(hù)目鏡,簡(jiǎn)直太專業(yè)了。
看上圖那位當(dāng)靶子的仁兄,就是獎(jiǎng)杯的設(shè)計(jì)者,一位很(bu)正經(jīng)的藝術(shù)家。