非洲開始進入無脊髓灰質(zhì)炎倒計時

非洲開始進入無脊髓灰質(zhì)炎倒計時

Africa has gone three years without a case of wild polio being detected, the World Health Organization said on Wednesday, a significant milestone in the quest to eradicate the disease.

世界衛(wèi)生組織周三表示，非洲已經(jīng)三年沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)一例野生脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病例，這是根除該疾病的一個重要里程碑。

The continent's last case of polio caused by the wild virus was detected on 21 August 2016 in Nigeria. Africa is expected to be certified free of wild polio by early next year following an independent evaluation process, however vaccine-derived cases of the disease still pose a challenge.

非洲大陸最后一例由野生病毒引起的脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病例于2016年8月21日在尼日利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)。經(jīng)過一個獨立的評估過程，非洲有望在明年初被證明沒有野生脊髓灰質(zhì)炎，但疫苗引發(fā)的脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病例仍構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)。

Moeti attributed present progress to an "unprecedented scale" of multinational effort by governments, partners, and health workers, who have deployed financial and technical resources to provide vaccination and education, especially in remote areas.

莫伊蒂將目前的進展歸功于各國政府、合作伙伴和衛(wèi)生工作者開展的“空前規(guī)模”的努力，他們部署了財政和技術(shù)資源來提供疫苗接種和教育，特別是在偏遠地區(qū)。

"It has involved men and women volunteering in the thousands, sometimes putting themselves in harm's way," Moeti said.

莫伊蒂說:“成千上萬的男女志愿者參加了這項活動，有時他們把自己置于危險的境地。”

Wild vs vaccine-derived polio

野生脊髓灰質(zhì)炎與疫苗衍生脊髓灰質(zhì)炎

Cases due to the wild poliovirus found in nature have decreased by more than 99% since 1988, from an estimated 350,000 cases then, to 33 reported cases in 2018, according to the WHO.

根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，自1988年以來，在自然界發(fā)現(xiàn)的野生脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒病例減少了99%以上，由當時估計的35萬例下降到2018年報告的33例。

However, outbreaks of vaccine-derived polio strains have occurred in Central African Republic, Somalia, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Niger and Papua New Guinea in recent years.

然而，近年來，疫苗衍生脊髓灰質(zhì)炎毒株在中非共和國、索馬里、肯尼亞、剛果民主共和國、尼日爾和巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞暴發(fā)。

Most of the time the virus dies off but it can sometimes spread in an area where there is low vaccination coverage. The solution for stopping this type of polio is for every child to be vaccinated to stop its transmission, according to WHO, which has noted that if a population is fully immunized, they will be protected against both vaccine-derived and wild polioviruses.

大多數(shù)情況下病毒會死亡，但有時會在疫苗接種覆蓋率較低的地區(qū)傳播。世衛(wèi)組織指出，制止這類脊髓灰質(zhì)炎的解決辦法是讓每一個兒童接種疫苗，以阻止其傳播。世衛(wèi)組織指出，如果一個人口獲得充分免疫，他們將受到疫苗衍生病毒和野生脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒的雙重保護。

In August 2016, Nigeria reported a case of wild poliovirus in the northern state of Borno two years after it had reported none.

2016年8月，尼日利亞在北部博爾諾州報告了一例野生脊髓灰質(zhì)炎病毒病例，兩年前該國尚未報告一例。

Insecurity, conflict, migration, and parents refusing to get their children vaccinated are some challenges that hamper vaccination efforts in Nigeria, according to WHO.

據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織說，不安全、沖突、移民和父母拒絕讓孩子接種疫苗是阻礙尼日利亞疫苗接種工作的一些挑戰(zhàn)。

Dr. Oyewale Tomori, a professor of virology at Redeemer's University in Nigeria, said there were still hurdles for the Nigerian government and health monitoring agencies to cross in the country's northeast where terror group Boko Haram still wages deadly attacks, killing health workers.

尼日利亞雷迪默大學病毒學教授奧耶瓦萊·托莫里博士表示，尼日利亞政府和衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測機構(gòu)在該國東北部地區(qū)仍然存在障礙，那里的恐怖組織博科圣地仍在發(fā)動致命襲擊，造成衛(wèi)生工作者死亡。