綠色和平組織稱，化石燃料空氣污染每天給世界造成80億美元的損失

綠色和平組織稱，化石燃料空氣污染每天給世界造成80億美元的損失

Air pollution from burning fossil fuels – primarily coal, oil, and gas – is attributed to an estimated 4.5 million deaths each year worldwide and estimated economic losses of US$2.9 trillion, or approximately 3.3 per cent of global GDP, new research from Greenpeace Southeast Asia and the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) shows. The report is the first of its kind to assess the global cost of air pollution from fossil fuels.

綠色和平東南亞組織和能源與清潔空氣研究中心(CREA)的最新研究顯示，燃燒化石燃料(主要是煤炭、石油和天然氣)造成的空氣污染，估計每年導致全球450萬人死亡，估計經(jīng)濟損失2.9萬億美元，約占全球GDP的3.3%。這份報告是第一份評估化石燃料造成的全球空氣污染成本的報告。

Minwoo Son, clean air campaigner at Greenpeace East Asia, said: “Air pollution is a threat to our health and our economies. Every year, air pollution from fossil fuels takes millions of lives, increases our risk of stroke, lung cancer and asthma, and costs us trillions of dollars.

綠色和平東亞清潔空氣倡導者孫民宇說：“空氣污染對我們的健康和經(jīng)濟構(gòu)成威脅。每年，化石燃料造成的空氣污染奪走了數(shù)百萬人的生命，增加了我們患中風、肺癌和哮喘的風險，并給我們造成了數(shù)萬億美元的損失。

"But this is a problem that we know how to solve by transitioning to renewable energy sources, phasing out diesel and petrol cars, and building public transport. We need to take into account the real cost of fossil fuels, not just for our rapidly heating planet, but also for our health."

“但這是一個我們知道如何通過過渡到可再生能源、逐步淘汰柴油和汽油汽車以及建設(shè)公共交通來解決的問題。我們需要考慮化石燃料的實際成本，不僅是為了我們快速變暖的地球，也是為了我們的健康。”

Key findings:

關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)：

An estimated 40.000 children die before their fifth birthday because of exposure to PM2.5 pollution from fossil fuels, primarily in low-income countries.

據(jù)估計，主要在低收入國家，有4萬名兒童因暴露于化石燃料造成的PM2.5污染而在5歲生日前死亡。

NO2. a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion in vehicles, power plants and factories, is linked to roughly 4 million new cases of asthma in children each year, with approximately 16 million children worldwide living with asthma due to exposure to NO2 pollution from fossil fuels.

NO2是車輛、發(fā)電廠和工廠燃燒化石燃料的副產(chǎn)品，每年與大約400萬新的兒童哮喘病例有關(guān)，全球約有1600萬兒童因暴露于化石燃料的NO2污染而患有哮喘。

PM2.5 air pollution from fossil fuels is attributed to roughly 1.8 billion days of work absence due to illness each year worldwide, equating to approximate annual economic losses of US$101 billion.

化石燃料造成的PM2.5空氣污染，每年全球因病缺勤約18億天，相當于每年經(jīng)濟損失約1010億美元。

China Mainland, the United States and India bear the highest costs from fossil fuel air pollution worldwide, at an estimated US$900 billion, US$600 billion and US$150 billion per year, respectively.

中國大陸、美國和印度是全球化石燃料空氣污染成本最高的國家，每年分別為9000億美元、6000億美元和1500億美元。

Phasing out fossil fuels brings financial and health benefits. According to a study published by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, every US$1 invested under the United States Clean Air Act yielded at least US$30 in return.

逐步淘汰化石燃料帶來了經(jīng)濟和健康方面的好處。根據(jù)美國環(huán)保署發(fā)表的一項研究，根據(jù)美國的《清潔空氣法》每投資1美元，最少可賺取30美元的回報。

Likewise, a weekly car-free day in Bogota, Colombia yielded US$3.20 to US$4.30 in health benefits for every US$1 invested in the programme, according to a study published in the Journal of Urban Health.

同樣，根據(jù)發(fā)表在《城市衛(wèi)生雜志》上的一項研究，哥倫比亞波哥大每周的無車日每投資1美元，就能獲得3.20至4.30美元的醫(yī)療福利。

“Governments must halt the construction of new coal-fired power plants and retire existing plants, invest in public transport systems, and transition to renewable energy as quickly as possible. Around the world people are demanding clean air, and governments must take action”, said Bondan Andriyanu, climate and energy campaigner at Greenpeace Indonesia.

“各國政府必須停止建設(shè)新的燃煤電廠，淘汰現(xiàn)有電廠，投資公共交通系統(tǒng)，并盡快過渡到可再生能源。印尼綠色和平組織的氣候和能源活動家不丹安德彥努說：“世界各地的人們都在要求清潔的空氣，政府必須采取行動。”