德國(guó)將于8月22日舉辦“防疫實(shí)驗(yàn)”音樂會(huì)

German scientists are planning to equip 4,000 pop music fans with tracking gadgets and bottles of fluorescent disinfectant to get a clearer picture of how Covid-19 could be prevented from spreading at large indoor concerts.

德國(guó)科學(xué)家計(jì)劃為4000名流行音樂愛好者配備追蹤裝置和熒光消毒劑，以便更清楚地了解如何防止新冠病毒在大型室內(nèi)音樂會(huì)中傳播。

As cultural mass gatherings across the world remain on hold for the foreseeable future, researchers in eastern Germany are recruiting volunteers for a “coronavirus experiment” with the singer-songwriter Tim Bendzko, to be held at an indoor stadium in the city of Leipzig on 22 August.

在可預(yù)見的未來，世界各地仍將暫停舉辦大型文化集會(huì)。德國(guó)東部的研究人員正在招募志愿者，與創(chuàng)作型歌手蒂姆·本茨科一起進(jìn)行“新冠病毒實(shí)驗(yàn)”。這場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)將于8月22日在萊比錫市的一個(gè)室內(nèi)體育館舉行。

Participants, aged between 18 and 50, will wear matchstick-sized “contact tracer” devices on chains around their necks that transmit a signal at five-second intervals and collect data on each person’s movements and proximity to other members of the audience.

參與者的年齡在18歲至50歲之間，他們將在脖子上戴上一串火柴棍大小的接觸追蹤裝置，這種裝置每隔5秒發(fā)送一次信號(hào)，并收集個(gè)人活動(dòng)和觀眾距離的數(shù)據(jù)。

Inside the venue, they will also be asked to disinfect their hands with a fluorescent hand-sanitiser – designed to not just add a layer of protection but allow scientists to scour the venue with UV lights after the concerts to identify surfaces where a transmission of the virus through smear infection is most likely to take place.

在會(huì)場(chǎng)內(nèi)部，他們還被要求使用熒光消毒液洗手，這種設(shè)計(jì)不僅增加了一層保護(hù)，而且允許科學(xué)家在音樂會(huì)結(jié)束后，使用紫外線燈清理現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，以確定活動(dòng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)有哪些區(qū)域的表面最容易傳播病毒。

Vapours from a fog machine will help visualise the possible spread of coronavirus via aerosols, which the scientists will try to predict via computer-generated models in advance of the event.

霧機(jī)產(chǎn)生的蒸汽將有助于使新冠病毒通過氣溶膠傳播的可能性可視化，科學(xué)家們將嘗試在音樂會(huì)前通過計(jì)算機(jī)模型對(duì)此進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。

The €990,000 cost of the Restart-19 project will be shouldered between the federal states of Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt. The project’s organisers say the aim is to “identify a framework” for how larger cultural and sports events could be held “without posing a danger for the population” after 30 September.

這個(gè)名為“重啟-19”的實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目耗資99萬(wàn)歐元(約合人民幣802萬(wàn)元)，將由薩克森州和薩克森-安哈爾特州共同承擔(dān)。該項(xiàng)目的組織者表示，實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖?ldquo;確定一個(gè)框架”，以確定在9月30日后，舉辦大規(guī)模的文化和體育賽事“不會(huì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駱?gòu)成威脅”。

While some German states, such as Saxony and Brandenburg, have relaxed social-distancing restrictions to the extent that medium-sized indoor concerts are allowed to go ahead, concerts with more than a thousand attendees remain banned across the country until at least the end of August.

雖然德國(guó)的一些州，如薩克森州和勃蘭登堡州放寬了社交距離限制，允許舉行中型室內(nèi)音樂會(huì)，但至少在8月底之前，全國(guó)仍禁止舉行1000人以上的音樂會(huì)。

New Zealand, which managed to control the spread of the pandemic at an early stage, allowed 20,000 rugby fans to crowd into a stadium in the city of Dunedin this weekend. An estimated 6,200 spectators attended US president Donald Trump’s campaign rally in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on 20 June.

新西蘭成功地在早期階段控制了疫情的蔓延，這周末允許2萬(wàn)名橄欖球球迷涌入達(dá)尼丁市的一個(gè)體育場(chǎng)。6月20日，大約有6200名民眾在俄克拉荷馬州塔爾薩市參加了美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普舉行的競(jìng)選集會(huì)。

Elsewhere, musicians and sportspersons face a precarious future as the fear of “super-spreader events” makes many governments reluctant to allow large gatherings in enclosed environments.

在其他地方，音樂家和運(yùn)動(dòng)員面臨著不確定的未來。出于對(duì)“超級(jí)擴(kuò)散性活動(dòng)”的恐懼，許多政府不允許在封閉場(chǎng)所舉行大型集會(huì)。

“We are trying to find out if there could be a middle way between the old and the new normal that would allow organisers to fit enough people into a concert venue to not make a loss,” said Stefan Moritz, the head of clinical infectious diseases at the University hospital in Halle and the experiment’s coordinator.

該實(shí)驗(yàn)協(xié)調(diào)員、哈雷大學(xué)醫(yī)院臨床傳染病負(fù)責(zé)人斯蒂芬·莫里茨說：“我們正試圖找出是否有新舊狀態(tài)之間的中間方案，允許組織者讓足夠多的人參加音樂會(huì)，以避免虧損。”

To stop the Leipzig experiment from becoming the source of a new outbreak, signed-up volunteers will be sent a DIY test kit and have a swab at a doctor’s practice or laboratory 48 hours before the concert starts. Those who cannot show proof of a negative test at the door will be denied entry.

為了防止萊比錫的實(shí)驗(yàn)成為新的疫情暴發(fā)源，報(bào)名參加的志愿者將收到新冠病毒自我檢測(cè)包，并在音樂會(huì)開始前48小時(shí)在醫(yī)生診所或?qū)嶒?yàn)室接受拭子檢測(cè)。入場(chǎng)時(shí)無(wú)法出示陰性檢測(cè)結(jié)果的人將被拒絕進(jìn)入。

A face mask with an exhalation valve will be given to each concertgoer with the disinfectant. While organisers say these measures mean the risk of catching the virus at the concert is “extremely slim”, they also warn that 100% protection cannot be guaranteed.

每位音樂會(huì)觀眾都會(huì)收到一個(gè)帶呼氣閥的口罩和消毒劑。雖然組織者說這些措施意味著在音樂會(huì)中感染病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)“非常小”，但他們也警告說不能完全保證不被感染。

By midday on Monday, 775 volunteers had signed up for the concert with Bendzko, a soul-pop singer whose 2011 debut album sold 500,000 copies in Germany.

截至周一(7月20日)中午，已有775名志愿者報(bào)名參加這場(chǎng)有本茨科參加的音樂會(huì)。本茨科是一位靈魂流行歌手，2011年在德國(guó)發(fā)行的首張專輯銷量達(dá)50萬(wàn)張。

At the Leipzig concert hall, a seating-only venue that has held sports events as well as concerts by Bob Dylan and Britney Spears, they will be asked to act out three different scenarios.

在萊比錫音樂廳，觀眾將被要求參加三種不同的場(chǎng)景實(shí)驗(yàn)。萊比錫音樂廳是一個(gè)只有座位區(qū)的場(chǎng)所，曾舉辦過體育賽事，也舉辦過鮑勃•迪倫和布蘭妮•斯皮爾斯的演唱會(huì)。

In the first scenarios, the audience will attend the concerts as they would have done in pre-virus times, entering through two main entrances before taking their seats. In the second, “optimised” scenario, the crowd will enter through eight entrances to facilitate less mingling, and every second seat on the stands will be blocked.

在第一種場(chǎng)景中，觀眾將像在新冠疫情之前那樣，先從兩個(gè)主要入口進(jìn)入會(huì)場(chǎng)，然后就座參加音樂會(huì)。在第二種“優(yōu)化”場(chǎng)景中，觀眾將從8個(gè)入口進(jìn)入，以減少擁擠，并隔位就坐。

In the third, strictly socially distanced scenario, only 2,000 spectators will be allowed to enter the 12,000 capacity venue and be seated at a 1.5m distance from each other.

在第三種嚴(yán)格實(shí)行社交距離的場(chǎng)景中，只有2000名觀眾可以進(jìn)入可容納12000人的音樂廳，并且彼此之間的座位距離為1.5米。

The scientists behind the concert say they hope to search through the mass of data in just over a month and present their findings in early October.

舉辦音樂會(huì)的科學(xué)家們表示，他們希望在一個(gè)多月的時(shí)間里搜索大量數(shù)據(jù)，并在10月初公布研究結(jié)果。