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雙語詩歌翻譯|紀昀-《河中石獸》

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2021年08月03日

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《河中石獸》是紀曉嵐的作品。這篇說理短文敘述了三種尋找河中石獸的看法和方法,告訴人們:再深的理論,不能得到實踐的證明,就不是真理;只有經(jīng)得起實踐檢驗的理論才是正確的。同時還揭示了一個道理:任何事物都不可“只知其然而不知其所以然”,更不可主觀臆斷,而是要“知其所以然”。

《河中石獸》 紀昀

滄州南一寺臨河干,山門圮于河,二石獸并沉焉。閱十余歲,僧募金重修,求二石獸于水中,竟不可得。以為順流下矣,棹數(shù)小舟,曳鐵鈀,尋十余里,無跡。 一講學(xué)家設(shè)賬寺中,聞之笑曰:“爾輩不能究物理,是非森柿,豈能為暴漲攜之去?乃石性堅重,沙性松浮,湮于沙上,漸沉漸深耳。沿河求之,不亦傎乎?”眾服為確論。

一老河兵聞之,又笑曰:“凡河中失石,當求之于上游。蓋石性堅重,沙性松浮,水不能沖石,其反激之力,必于石下迎水處嚙沙為坎穴,漸激漸深,至石之半,石必倒擲坎穴中。如是再嚙,石又再轉(zhuǎn),再轉(zhuǎn)不已,遂反溯逆流而上矣。求之下流,固傎;求之地中,不更傎乎?”如其言,果得于數(shù)里外。然則天下之事,但知其一,不知其二者多矣,可據(jù)理臆斷歟?


Stone Animals in the River
Ji Yun

There was a temple in the south of Cangzhou Prefecture, located on the bank of a river. The gate of the temple collapsed and tumbled into the river, with the two stone animals sunken in the water. Some ten years afterwards, the monks solicited a sum of money, planning to restore the gate. They searched the river for the two stone animals, but to no avail, thinking that they must have flowed down the river. So they rowed a small boat, raking the river bed for them over a distance of ten-odd li, without finding a trace of them. A Confucian scholar teaching in the temple learned about it and said with a sneer, "You are not learned in physics They are not wood, how can they be washed away be floods? Stone is solid and heavy while sand is loose and soft. They are buried in the sand and sink deeper and deeper. Is it not ludicrous to search for them downstream?" Everybody was convinced and thought it a conclusive argument.

A veteran dyke-protection soldier heard this talk and also said with a sneer, "All stones fallen into the river must be looked for upstream. Because stone is solid and heavy while sand is loose and soft. Water cannot wash a stone away, but the force of its dashing against it can erode the sand and scoop a pit beneath it where it is exposed to the water, whose constant dashing and pounding keep it sinking deeper and deeper. When half of the stone is thus affected, it overturns into the sand pit. The water's continuous scooping of the sand gives the stone one turn after another. Given the incessant overturning process, it is moved against the currents and travels up the river. To be sure, it is ludicrous to search for it downstream. But, is it not more so to look for it right on the river bed?" Acting upon his views, the stone animals were really found several li upstream. Similar cases in which one sees only one aspect and ignores other aspects of a phenomenon are too many to enumerate. Will it do to draw a conclusion from mere speculations?


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