February 27 Threepenny Day
A number of English gentlepersons managed to create a holiday by means of wrought1) bequests2) in their wills. One of these was Provost Bost, administrator of the public school, Eton. Upon his death in 1504, it was revealed that Bost had willed a sum of money that was earmarked3) to provide tuppence4) a year in perpetuity5) for each of Eton’s “collegers.” (Collegers are boarding students whose families live far away;the remainders are town boys or “oppidans6).”) The money was to ensure that the boys would get enough to eat. At the time of Bost’s death, tuppence bought nearly half a sheep, and it was an Eton tradition, dating back to the reign of Henry VI, that collegers were to be fed no meat except mutton.
Provost Lupton, Bost’s successor, added his own posthumous7) bequest to the original charity so that the annual dole8) would amount to thruppence. Every February 27, the collegers gather――a dignified cadre of jackets, vests, and ties――in College Hall for the Threepenny Ceremony. Each boy in turn plucks his threepence from the crown of a tall silk hat. As consideration for the gift, each boy must recite a prayer for Bost’s soul.
2月27日三便士紀念日
有幾個英國人通過立遺囑創(chuàng)造了一個節(jié)日。在遺囑中他們精心安排了遺贈。其中一人是伊頓公學(xué)的主管, 博斯特院長。1504年博斯特死后, 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)他立下了遺囑, 將一筆錢專門撥出來, 永久供給伊頓公學(xué)受資助的學(xué)生用, 每個人一年兩便士。(受資助的是家住很遠的住校生, 其余的則是家住城里的男生或“走讀生”。)這筆錢用來保證他們能夠吃飽。在博斯特去世的那個時代, 兩便士幾乎可以買到半頭羊。在伊頓公學(xué)有一個傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到亨利六世朝代, 那就是住校生除了羊肉不供給其他的肉食。
博斯特的繼任者, 盧普頓院長, 在原有的捐贈中又加上了自己的一份遺贈, 使每年的錢變成了三便士。每年2月27日, 受資助的住校生都集合起來--莊重地排成隊, 身穿外衣和背心, 打著領(lǐng)帶--在學(xué)院禮堂里舉行三便士典禮。每個學(xué)生依次從高絲綢帽的帽頂取出他的三便士。每人都必須背誦一段禱詞, 以此告慰博斯特的英靈。
NOTE 注釋:
wrought [rC:t] adj. 精心制作的
bequest [bi5kwest] n. 遺產(chǎn), 遺贈
earmark [5iEmB:k] vt. 指撥(款項)
tuppence [5tQpEns] n. = two pence 兩便士
in perpetuity [7pEpi5tjuiti] 無盡期地,永遠
oppidan [5CpidEn] n. (英國伊頓公學(xué)的)校外寄宿生
posthumous [5pCstjumEs] adj. 死后的, 身后的
dole [dEul] n. 救濟金