Participation in the Classroom
Taking part in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of students in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student’s taking part in orally①. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e. listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures. In graduate seminars the professor has a “managing” role and the students make presentations and lead discussions. The students do the actual teaching in these seminars.
A professor’s teaching style is another factor that determines the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion, while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. Many professors encourage students to question and challenge their ideas. Students who make opinions that are different from the professor’s point of view should be prepared to support their positions②.
In the teaching of science and mathematics, the dominant mode of instruction is generally traditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students taking notes. However, new educational trends have emerged in the humanities and social sciences in the past two decades. Students in education, sociology, and psychology classes, for example, are often required to solve problems in groups, design projects, make presentations, and examine case studies. Since some college or university courses are “practical” rather than theoretical, they stress “doing” and participation.
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行文點(diǎn)評(píng)
文章第一段首先用not only...but also...句型點(diǎn)明作者的觀點(diǎn)：課堂參與對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)不僅是可以接受的，而且是他們所期望的。第二段介紹學(xué)生參與形式和程度的其他影響因素——教授的教 學(xué)風(fēng)格，接著作者用Some professors prefer to...while others prefer to...舉例說(shuō)明了兩種不同的教學(xué)風(fēng)格。最后一段介紹課堂參與在不同學(xué)科中的實(shí)??合得很好。每一段的觀點(diǎn)都有一個(gè)具體的例子來(lái)有力地支持它。
好文妙譯
課堂參與
在 許多課程中，教師們不僅接受了課堂參與的理念，他們也期望著學(xué)生們能參與進(jìn)來(lái)。一些教授把學(xué)生課堂上做的口頭發(fā)言作為期末成績(jī)的一部分。盡管在一些正式的 講座中，學(xué)生扮演一個(gè)被動(dòng)的角色(他們聽講、做筆記)，但在許多課程中還是采用課堂討論、學(xué)生提問(wèn)和非正式演講的形式。在研究生的討論課上，教授扮演著 “管理”角色，而由學(xué)生們發(fā)言并展開討論。在這樣的討論課上，實(shí)際上是學(xué)生們也參與了教學(xué)。
一個(gè)教授的教學(xué)風(fēng)格是決定學(xué)生參與形式和程度的另一個(gè)因素。一些教授喜歡主持支配討論，一些教授則喜歡引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自由討論。許多教授鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)提出質(zhì)疑。那些提出與教授相反意見的學(xué)生應(yīng)該做好充分的準(zhǔn)備來(lái)支持自己的論點(diǎn)。
在 理科和數(shù)學(xué)的教學(xué)中，傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)模式仍占主要地位，老師講課，學(xué)生記筆記。然而在過(guò)去20年中，在人文科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)的教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)了新的教學(xué)趨勢(shì)。例如， 學(xué)教育學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)和心理學(xué)的學(xué)生常被要求通過(guò)小組討論來(lái)解決問(wèn)題、設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目、作演講、研究案例。由于一些大學(xué)的課程是應(yīng)用型的，而非理論型的，他們所強(qiáng)調(diào) 的是“動(dòng)手”和參與。
詞匯斟酌
seminar n.(大學(xué)的)研究班，研討會(huì)
dominate vt.支配，統(tǒng)治，控制
sociology n.社會(huì)學(xué)
participation n.參加
佳句臨摹
①【注釋】take part (in sth.)參與，參加(某事物)
【臨摹】How many countries will be taking part in the World Cup?有多少國(guó)家要參加世界杯比賽?
②【注釋】make opinions 提出觀點(diǎn)
【臨摹】Most Americans their opinion worth something. 大多數(shù)美國(guó)人認(rèn)為民意測(cè)驗(yàn)使得有價(jià)值了。
思如泉涌
Knowledge is a treasure, but practice . 知識(shí)是一座寶庫(kù)，而實(shí)踐是鑰匙。
Teach others by your example. 躬親示范。
A good example is the best sermon. 身教勝似言教。
