特點1:段落內(nèi)容均為舉例
策略:略讀舉例內(nèi)容,大致了解舉例目的(即論據(jù)部分所支持的觀點),并將其與選項進行對照,與舉例目的表達相同觀點的選項即為正解。
例:The Dutch are not the only would-be moles. Growing numbers of Europeans are burrowing below ground to create houses, offices, discos and shopping malls…; in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex compete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next decade, and underground shopping malls are already common in Japan…
分析:很明顯,此段沒有所謂的主題句,而是以Europe, Canada以及Tokyo為例,在快速看完舉例部分后,我們不難總結出,舉例的目的是要說明世界各地正著手開發(fā)包括地下城市,地下診所,地下舞廳和地下購物中心在內(nèi)的多樣化地下服務設施,而這一觀點正好跟選項Developing underground services around the world相吻合。
特點2:段落本身有主題句,但正確選項并未根據(jù)主題句歸納
策略:繼續(xù)讀主題句后面部分的內(nèi)容,即擴展句(supporting sentences, 對主題句起支持或進一步解釋說明的句子)部分,正確選項往往就是對擴展句具體涉及內(nèi)容的概括。
例:There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A development of 194 houses which would take up 14 hectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved… An underground dweller himself, Carpenter has never paid a heating bill …
分析:不難看出,劃線的句子作為本段的首句,具有概括性,實為主題句。如果正確選項是依據(jù)此句來歸納的話,那理應包含advantages或是同樣表示優(yōu)勢、優(yōu)點、長處的其它詞。可事實是,所給選項中沒有一項涉及此類詞。單純找主題句看來對于這個段落已不適用。繼續(xù)往后讀,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),后面部分其實是對地下住宅所具備的優(yōu)點的進一步舉例解釋。列舉數(shù)字無非是要說明地下住宅節(jié)省土地和空間;而以Carpenter這個地下住宅居住者為例,就是要說明這種住宅既省錢又節(jié)能。由此,答案鎖定為Demands on space and energy are reduced.
特點3:段落中涉及多個觀點內(nèi)容
策略:正確答案常常依據(jù)段落中所占篇幅較多或作者要強調(diào)的觀點來歸納
例:Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avoid distinguishing or threatening a beautiful or ‘environmentally sensitive’ landscape. Indeed many of the buildings which consume most land - such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries - have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows.
分析:此段總共包含兩個句子,但各句表明不同的觀點。前者認為修建大型地下建筑可以避免破壞城市風景,而后者則強調(diào)很多建筑因為不需要窗戶可以被建在地下。Indeed(確實,甚至)的出現(xiàn),正好表明本段的重心是要突出強調(diào)后者觀點,即有些建筑不需要窗戶(自然采光)。所以毫無疑問地選擇Some buildings do not require natural light。