雅思寫作中的“雙邊”討論文章

　　雅思寫作的雙邊討論型文章一直是老師和學(xué)生較為推崇采用的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)，除了寫作題目本身出題的偏好性——多以兩面討論為主，清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)，多角度的思路更利于學(xué)生在較短的時(shí)間里構(gòu)建出符合字?jǐn)?shù)要求和題目立意的文章。但是，盡管一些學(xué)生在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成了達(dá)到字?jǐn)?shù)的文章，卻仍然不能取得理想的分?jǐn)?shù)，與其交流分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)，多半是對(duì)題目意圖理解不夠明晰，“言不對(duì)題”成為了學(xué)生的普遍弊病。許多學(xué)生對(duì)于“雙邊”的理解過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)，常常抓住題目某個(gè)字眼，簡(jiǎn)單構(gòu)建贊成和反對(duì)的主體結(jié)構(gòu)，或是一味認(rèn)為“雙邊”就是“利弊”，因而導(dǎo)致偏題甚至離題。

　　針對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象，專家分析了近年的考題，對(duì)雙邊討論型文章的架構(gòu)進(jìn)行了較為明確的分類，以幫助學(xué)生更好地分析題目，更為準(zhǔn)確地構(gòu)建雙邊結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　一、利弊分析

　　09.1.17 Nowadays, people in some countries can choose to live and work anywhere they want, because of the improvement of the communication technology and transport. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

　　此類題目中常有利弊字眼，或者在指令部分提出進(jìn)行利弊對(duì)比分析，常見詞如“advantage, benefit, usefulness(好處);disadvantage, drawback, limitation(壞處)等”，考生只需對(duì)題目細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行把握，弄清主旨，再構(gòu)建“好處”—— “壞處”的主體部分，列舉觀點(diǎn)。

　　該題主要就“人們可以隨意選擇生活和工作的地方”的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行討論，考生可多聯(lián)系社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀，總結(jié)利弊即可。

　　相似考題：

　　2010.2.20 Most countries want to improve standard of living through economic development, however, others think social value is lost as a result. Do you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?

　　二、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明

　　09.2.28 Some people believe that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others think that this has little effect and other measures are required. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

　　此類題目特點(diǎn)十分突出，一方面有“the only, the most…”等強(qiáng)調(diào)字眼，另一方面提出“other”的其他觀點(diǎn)，細(xì)想之下，后者似對(duì)前者的補(bǔ)充，主體段可先對(duì)前者進(jìn)行承認(rèn)，但不要承認(rèn)其絕對(duì)性，為后文做好鋪墊，在論述另一方面時(shí)，主要使用列舉法進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。

　　該題是對(duì)“如何提高公眾健康”的措施進(jìn)行討論，首先可分析建設(shè)體育設(shè)施的好處所在，再列舉一些其他有效措施，便可以達(dá)到兩面兼顧又不至于偏頗的目的。

　　相似考題：

　　2010.2.6 Air travel can only benefit the richest people in the world. The ordinary people can get no advantage with the development of air travel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　三、對(duì)立比較

　　09.1.15 Students at schools and universities learn far more from lessons with teachers than from other sources (such as the Internet, television). To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　此類題目的特點(diǎn)是：兩方面在某種層面上屬于對(duì)立關(guān)系，可以分別討論其利弊，以達(dá)到比較的效果。就該題而言，“跟老師學(xué)還是從其他資源上獲得知識(shí)”是個(gè)老話題，分別討論教師的作用和其他來(lái)源的好處，進(jìn)行對(duì)比便是應(yīng)對(duì)此題的最好辦法，有時(shí)雙方互為優(yōu)劣，僅提及好處即可。

　　相似考題：

　　2010.2.11 Some people think that politicians have the greatest influence on the world. Other people, however, believe that scientists have the greatest influence. Discuss both of views and give your opinion.

　　四、分類說(shuō)明

　　09.4.30 Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain young people. Others think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

　　這類題目常讓考生覺得棘手，兩個(gè)方面似乎都有道理，但處理不好又會(huì)“搬起石頭砸自己的腳”，前后論述自相矛盾。這個(gè)時(shí)候，如果能夠?qū)︻}目進(jìn)行分類說(shuō)明，便豁然開朗。

　　該題主要討論的是“博物館的功能”是教育還是娛樂，科技、自然博物館及一些主題博物館如杜莎夫人蠟像館都是屬于后者，而歷史、軍事乃至革命博物館就有前者意義。

　　相似考題：

　　09.5.21

　　A hundred years ago, people think that human race is steadily improving in every area of life. Nowadays, there is no certainty of this case. In which areas do you think we have made important progress nowadays? In which areas do you think we still need to make progress?

　　針對(duì)這四種類型的分析方法，考生可利用歷年真題進(jìn)行分析練習(xí)，做到“胸有成竹”，在下筆之前有個(gè)清晰明確的脈絡(luò)，做到“事半功倍”。