審題重要性
要寫出高分作文就必須sufficiently addresses all parts of the task即充分回應寫作任務的各個部分。如果審題錯誤,那么文章大部分篇幅都沒有在回答問題,或者只是回答了部分問題,如果分論點錯誤,那么也就不可能presents a well-developed response to the question with relevant, extended and supported ideas就寫作任務中的問題進行較為充分的回應,并提出相關的、得以延伸的以及含有論據的論點。其次會影響的就是Coherence and Cohesion,雖然審題錯誤并不怎么影響manage all aspects of cohesion well各種銜接手段運用得當,以及uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately充分且合理地使用分段,但是sequences information and ideas logically將信息與論點進行有邏輯的排序會,就會出現問題。最后影響到的是Lexical Resource,所有詞匯的使用可能并不扣題,也是達到高分的阻礙之一,而對于Grammatical Range and Accuracy,也就是語法部分的影響比較小。
審題中常見錯誤
1. 偏題
在雅思大作文中,如果審題不清很容易出現文不對題,即偏題。而當考官在評判這類文章的時候,通常有兩種可能:如果文章本身寫的不好,考官可能認為是考生的能力問題;如果考生的寫作水平比較高或者寫的非常準確,考官很有可能認為這篇文章有背誦的嫌疑,因為文章本身和題目是對不上的。所以考生應該關注文章本身的內容,一定要是準確回答問題。針對這部分的學習,建議考生可以通過一些機經和教材重點訓練一下審題的能力。
如在劍橋雅思11的真題:
Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.
To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?
這道題目就審題部分而言,考官希望考生分析是否有必要建立法律強制人們回收垃圾。可是在官方給出的5分文章中,考生一直在強調政府要提供物資加強宣傳,沒有正面回答是否要建立法律,更有趣的是考生還在最后說道學校老師要做什么事情,完全脫離政府這個對象,所以考生嚴重偏題,只能拿5分。
2. 漏題
有些題目比較長,考生們很容易會漏掉題目中的某些重要信息,文章可能花了很多篇幅卻只回答了題目中的一個小問題,還有其他問題可能只回答了一部分或者壓根沒有說到。小站雅思編輯提醒:這時候烤鴨可以多找一些比較長的題目,找出其中的關鍵詞或詞組,并且試著讓他們用自己的語言來重寫題目中的信息內容。
比如在劍橋雅思10的真題:
In many countries, the amount of crime is increasing.
What do you think are the main causes of crime?
How can we deal with those causes?
在官方給出的5分文章中,就審題部分來說,低分考生完全忽視了第二個問題How can we deal with those causes,因為這位考生的作文只回答了犯罪的原因,并且舉例自己聽說的一個犯罪行為。犯罪原因對應第一個問題main causes,而舉例部分卻沒有回答解決方式屬于冗余部分,所以考生只能拿5分。
3. 蒙題
雅思大作文考題尤其是學術類的,話題偏重于社會話題,語言偏書面化,因此有很多考生,其中不乏許多年紀較大的考生,都會有此感慨:題目有單詞不認識??忌鷤冏顡牡木褪侨f一考題中有單詞不認識該怎么辦,的確,有些考生詞匯量少,是有可能不認識一些詞的。比如,有一篇講juvenile delinquents的,就有不少考生不認識這兩個字,因為生詞導致作文理解失誤,最終使文章偏題。小站雅思編輯提醒:考生可以從“寫作機經”開始,找出題干中的頻率較高的核心詞。或者,考生可以根據題目的上下文來猜測難詞的意義。
比如以下題目中就有生詞、難詞:
Some people think that people will forget their own tradition and history because they no longer wear their traditional costumes. Do you agree or disagree?
針對上題,難詞costumes,可以通過前文wear穿戴,推測詞意“服飾”。
In most parts of the world, the volume of traffic is growing at an alarming rate. Discuss the main traffic problems in your country, their causes and possible solutions.
針對上題,難詞alarming,可以通過后文problems問題,推測詞意“令人擔憂的”。
Nowadays people can use computer to talk, learn and communicate without leaving home. There is a danger that it will cause more isolation and a lack of communication among people. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
針對上題,難詞isolation,可以通過后文a lack of communication缺少溝通,推測詞意“孤立隔離”。
Some people say that the age of books has passed; information can be accessed via videos, computers, television, films and so forth. Other people think books and written words will still be essential for information dissemination and education. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.
針對上題,難詞dissemination,可以通過后文education教育,推測詞意“傳播普及”。
Intelligent robots will be more widely used in the future. Is this a blessing or a curse? What is your opinion?
針對上題,難詞curse,可以通過前文blessing祝福,推測詞意“詛咒”。
Is it fair that sports professionals earn much more money than people in other important professions? Give reasons for both sides of the argument and your opinion.
針對上題,難詞profession,可以通過前文professionals專業(yè)人員,推測詞意“職業(yè)”。
Waste disposal presents increasing problems, especially in urban areas. What do you think are the causes? Give some suggestion to the government and individuals on how to reduce the amount of rubbish.
針對上題,難詞disposal,可以通過后文reduce the amount of rubbish減少垃圾數量,推測詞意“處理”。
There are more and more cars in cities. Hence, pedestrians and cyclists are endangered by heavy traffic Gardens and streets give way to car parks and highways. How can city planners satisfy all people's needs?
針對上題,難詞pedestrians,可以通過后文cyclists騎自行車的人以及give way to car parks and highways讓路給停車場和高速公路,推測詞意“行人”。
People are now able to perform everyday tasks such as shopping, banking and business transactions without meeting others face to face. What are the effects on both the individual and the society?
針對上題,難詞transaction,可以通過前文perform everyday tasks完成每天任務,推測詞意“交易”。
總而言之,雅思寫作的審題十分重要,對于四個評分標準都有或多或少的影響,如果審題出現失誤,那么Task Response部分分數就會非常低。雅思寫作的審題常見錯誤有許多,其中三種比較典型,分別是偏題、漏題、蒙題。偏題主要是指考生沒有扣住題目要求回答問題,而是泛泛而談扯出別的話題。漏題是指考生漏掉了題目中的問題,通常情況是題目中有兩到三個小問題,而考生作文只回答了其中一到兩個問題。蒙題是指題目中有生詞難詞,考生平時要對照機經積累單詞,考場上要學會通過上下文來推測這些詞的意義。
備注:轉載自小站教育