There be…是一種較為常見的句子結(jié)構(gòu),通常用于表達(dá)“某地有某人或某物”,在使用此句型結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),應(yīng)注意下列問題:
1) 主語和謂語必須在數(shù)上保證一致
例句:
There is a small village below the mountain.
2) There be結(jié)構(gòu)不但可以應(yīng)用各種一般時(shí)態(tài),還可以應(yīng)用于完成時(shí)態(tài)中。所以,對(duì)There be結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)方面的要求需要根據(jù)具體的要求進(jìn)行變化。
例句:
There have been no letters from my parents since I left home two years age.
3) 在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中除了運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞be之外,還可以用seem,appear,happen,exist等。在這種句型中,謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依靠近謂語的主語而定。
例句:
There seemed to be no one who really understood me.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句二、It is/was… that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that/who, 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的可以是單詞、短語,也可以是從句,但必須保證其結(jié)構(gòu)完整。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分可以是主語、表語、賓語、同位語、狀語等,但不能是定語或謂語。
例句:
It was I that/who didn’t realize all my mistakes until you told me yesterday. (對(duì)主語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))
It was him who we met at the school gate. (對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch. (對(duì)狀語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))
在寫此類句子時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)問題:
1) 在這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,一般應(yīng)用that進(jìn)行連接,that沒有實(shí)際意義,之氣語法連接作用。指人是,可以用who。在非正式的文體中這些引導(dǎo)詞也可以省略。
例句:It was Mum (that/who) made me a promise to send me to the best middle school.
2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)原句的時(shí)態(tài)而定。及原句為過去某種時(shí)態(tài),則強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的be就用過去時(shí);原句為現(xiàn)在的某種時(shí)態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)句中就用be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。有時(shí)還可以用It might be/must have been/can’t be…that等句式。
例句:
It was because I was stuck in the traffic that I came late.
It might be tomorrow evening that the news will be broadcast.
3) 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分如若是句子的主語,that/who之后的謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。
例句:
It is I that/who am your friend that will come to you.
NB(強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判斷): 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以通過 “還原法”來進(jìn)行判斷,若刪除強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)后,句子能還原為一個(gè)完整的句子,就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句可以看作是用固定的表達(dá)-It is/was…that(which, who, whom, where, when)…,將句子的某個(gè)成分(除了謂語)進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)。但是,去掉這個(gè)固定的部分,句子本身并無任何變化。