中級美國英語被動語態(tài)（一）
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里,我們要學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài). 比方有一句話: "我們的車修好了." Our car was repaired. 在這句話里, 主語 "車" car 就是動作 "修理" repair 的對象.現(xiàn)在我們來聽一段包含了被動語態(tài)句子的對話, 內(nèi)容是說凱特跟亨利從修汽車談到上成人學(xué)校的事情. 請你注意聽兩位英文教師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
M: Kate, our car needs to be fixed again.
F: But it was just repaired a few months ago.
M: I know. Maybe the repair job wasn't done well.
F: I hope that it will be fixed this time.
M: I hope so too. I wish I knew about car repair.
F: Why don't you learn? I'm sure courses are offered on car repair at Seattle Community College.
M: That's a good idea. I wonder when courses begin.
F: Let's get a school catalogue and see what courses are scheduled. I'd like to take a computer course.
M: Imagine, Kate, you and I going back to school.
現(xiàn)在我請兩位英文老師用慢速度再把整段對話念一遍.
M: Kate, our car needs to be fixed again.
F: But it was just repaired a few months ago.
M: I know. Maybe the repair job wasn't done well.
F: I hope that it will be fixed this time.
M: I hope so too. I wish I knew about car repair.
F: Why don't you learn? I'm sure courses are offered on car repair at Seattle Community College.
M: That's a good idea. I wonder when courses begin.
F: Let's get a school catalogue and see what courses are scheduled. I'd like to take a computer course.
M: Imagine, Kate, you and I going back to school.
下面我們來聽剛才那段對話里的被動語態(tài)句子.
M: Our car needs to be fixed again.
F: It was repaired a few months ago.
M: Maybe the repair job wasn't done well.
F: I hope that it will be fixed this time.
F: Courses are offered on car repair.
M: Let's see what courses are scheduled.
二.被動語態(tài)
聽了上面的句子,或許你已經(jīng)注意到被動語態(tài)就是以助動詞 be, b-e, be加上及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成的.現(xiàn)在我請英文老師念一些句子把主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)作個比較. 句子的內(nèi)容都是有關(guān)修理汽車的事情. 比方, 男老師說: " 修車工人裝了新剎車." The mechanic installed new brakes. 女老師就用被動語態(tài)說: "剎車裝好了." New brakes were installed. 現(xiàn)在我們開始. 請你注意聽.
M: The mechanic repaired the car.
F: The car was repaired.
M: The mechanic did the repair job.
F: The repair job was done.
M: The mechanic changed the oil.
F: The oil was changed.
M: The mechanic installed new brakes.
F: New brakes were installed.
下面我們要比較否定句的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài);句子的內(nèi)容還是說到修車, 比方修車工人沒有檢查引擎, 沒有換電池等等. 請你注意聽.
M: The mechanic didn't fix the car.
F: The car wasn't fixed.
M: The mechanic didn't check the engine.
F: The engine wasn't checked.
M: The mechanic didn't change the battery.
F: The battery wasn't changed.
M: The mechanic didn't wash the car.
F: The car wasn't washed.
在今天這一課的對話里, 亨利和凱特除了談修車以外, 還談到社區(qū)大學(xué)為了讓成人進(jìn)修而在晚上設(shè)立的成人教育計劃. 下面一組練習(xí)談的就是成人教育計劃. 比方他們排了很多課, 寄出了學(xué)校目錄, 招收成人學(xué)生, 使學(xué)生的生活更充實等等. 練習(xí)的作法是由男老師念主動語態(tài)句子, 請你把句子改成被動語態(tài)說出來. 每作完一句就請你聽女老師念正確答案.
M: They offered various courses at night.
F: Various courses were offered at night.
M: They scheduled various courses at night.
F: Various courses were scheduled at night.
M: They sent out catalogues.
F: Catalogues were sent out.
M: They enrolled adult students at night.
F: Adult students were enrolled at night.
M: They enriched adult students' lives.
F: Adult students' lives were enriched.
剛才我們練習(xí)的都是過去式句子, 現(xiàn)在我們練習(xí)把那些句子改成現(xiàn)在完成式.現(xiàn)在完成式被動語態(tài)就是用 have been 或是 has been加上及物動詞的過去分詞. 練習(xí)的作法是老師用疑問詞提出問句,接著老師念一個字或是詞, 請你用你聽到的回答問題. 每作完一句還是請你聽正確答案.
M: What has been offered?
M: various courses
F: Various courses have been offered.
M: What has been scheduled?
M: various courses
F: Various courses have been scheduled.
M: What has been sent out?
M: catalogues
F: Catalogues have been sent out.
M: Who has been enrolled?
M: adult students
F: Adult students have been enrolled.
M: Whose lives have been enriched?
M: adult students'
F: Adult students' lives have been enriched.
下面一組練習(xí)是說人們?yōu)槭裁匆铣扇藢W(xué)校, 比方他們要受更多教育,需要更多知識; 他們也需要受特別訓(xùn)練, 得到特別技能, 以便找新職業(yè)和更好的工作等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師念現(xiàn)在式主動語態(tài)句子,學(xué)生就用 is 或是 are 加上動詞 "需要" 的過去分詞 needed, 把句子改成被動語態(tài)說出來. 學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時候, 請你也一起作.
M: Students need more education.
F: More education is needed
M: Students need more knowledge.
F: More knowledge is needed.
M: Students need special training.
F: Special training is needed.
M: Students need special skills.
F: Special skills are needed.
M: Students need new professions.
F: New professions are needed.
M: Students need better jobs.
F: Better jobs are needed.
剛才那個練習(xí)里有些字可能你不太熟, 現(xiàn)在我們再把練習(xí)里的被動語態(tài)句子重復(fù)練習(xí)一下. 每個句子我們念兩遍, 請你聽一遍, 跟著老師重復(fù)一遍.
M: More education is needed.
F: More education is needed.
M: More knowledge is needed.
F: More knowledge is needed.
M: Special training is needed.
F: Special training is needed.
M: Special skills are needed.
F: Special skills are needed.
M: New professions are needed.
F: New professions are needed.
M: Better jobs are needed.
F: Better jobs are needed.
剛才我們用被動語態(tài)句子敘述了學(xué)生的需要; 現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習(xí), 看看成人學(xué)校應(yīng)該教什么課程. 比方有一句話: "他們應(yīng)該教工程學(xué)" They should teach engineering. 這句話改成被動語態(tài)就應(yīng)該把should teach 變成 should be taught, 整句話應(yīng)該是: Engineering should be taught. 這組練習(xí)的作法是由老師把剛才那句話念一遍, 接著老師念出一個課程的名稱, 比方: "會計學(xué)"accounting. "通訊學(xué)" communication, "鉛管業(yè)" plumbing, "修理電動設(shè)備"electrical repair, "先進(jìn)技術(shù)" advanced technology 等等, 學(xué)生就把老師提出的字或是詞代換到句子里. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí). 學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時候請你也一起作.
M: Engineering should be taught.
M: computer science
F: Computer science should be taught.
M: accounting
F: Accounting should be taught.
M: communication
F: Communication should be taught.
M: plumbing
F: Plumbing should be taught.
M: electrical repair
F: Electrical repair should be taught.
M: foreign languages
F: Foreign languages should be taught.
M: advanced technology
F: Advanced technology should be taught.
除了助動詞 should 以外, 包含其它助動詞的句子, 在變成被動語態(tài)的時候 也都是在助動詞后面加上 be 再加上動詞的過去分詞. 比方: Engineering will be taught. Engineering can be taught 跟 Engineering might be taught 等等. 這種變化等一會兒我們還有機(jī)會練習(xí). 下面我們練習(xí)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式被動語態(tài)來敘述成人學(xué)校這個學(xué)期正在教什么課. 老師先念一個主動語態(tài)句子, 學(xué)生就用 is 或是 are 加上 being, b-e-i-n-g, being 再加上動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)說出來. 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時候, 請你跟著一起作.
M: They are teaching electrical repair this term.
F: Electrical repair is being taught this term.
M: They are teaching advanced technology this term.
F: Advanced technology is being taught this term.
M: They are teaching communication this term.
F: Communication is being taught this term.
M: They are teaching foreign languages this term.
F: Foreign languages are being taught this term.
M: They are teaching computers this term.
F: Computers are being taught this term.
M: They are teaching engineering and accounting this term.
F: Engineering and accounting are being taught this term.
下面我們把剛才那組練習(xí)里的被動語態(tài)句子重復(fù)練習(xí)一下. 請你聽一遍跟著老師重復(fù)一遍.
M: Electrical repair is being taught this term.
F: Electrical repair is being taught this term.
M: Advanced technology is being taught this term.
F: Advanced technology is being taught this term.
M: Communication is being taught this term.
F: Communication is being taught this term.
M: Foreign languages are being taught this term.
F: Foreign languages are being taught this term.
M: Computers are being taught this term.
F: Computers are being taught this term.
M: Engineering and accounting are being taught this term.
F: Engineering and accounting are being taught this term.
剛才我們作的幾組練習(xí)都是說到成人學(xué)校的課程, 現(xiàn)在我們要作一組練習(xí)談?wù)劤扇藢W(xué)校的貢獻(xiàn),比方成人學(xué)?？梢詽M足人們多受教育的需求,可以使人們事業(yè)更發(fā)達(dá), 生活更充實; 要是人們學(xué)會自己修東西就可以避免出高價請別人來修等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師說出一個將來式被動語態(tài)句子, 請你把句子里的 will be 改成 is going to be 或是 are going to be 說出來, 每作完一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Older people's careers will be enhanced.
F: Older people's careers are going to be enhanced.
M: Their lives will be enriched.
F: Their lives are going to be enriched.
M: High costs for repairs will be avoided.
F: High costs for repairs are going to be avoided.
M: The demand for more education will be met.
F: The demand for more education is going to be met.
三.聽短文回答問題
在下一課里我們還有機(jī)會練習(xí)被動語態(tài). 現(xiàn)在我們來聽今天這一課的文章.這篇文章談到美國成人教育計劃的課程和功用. 文章里的詞匯都是我們剛才練習(xí)過的.現(xiàn)在請你注意聽.
Millions of people are enrolled in evening adult education programs across America. Community colleges have become popular and their enrollments have increased rapidly. Large universities are offering more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the demand for more education is being met. One reason for this is that many older people are changing their professions. They are looking for different careers. Another reason is that repair costs have increased. Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. This way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be avoided. Advanced technology is the most important reason for the rise in adult education. Engineers, teachers and businessmen are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their jobs well. Various courses are offered. Computers and business courses are taken by many adult students. Foreign languages, accounting and communication courses are also popular. Some students attend classes to earn degrees. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills that they can receive. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.
等一會兒我再請英文老師把文章念一遍, 現(xiàn)在請你先聽今天測驗的三個問題.
第一個問題是:
M: Where can one take adult education courses?
第二個問題是:
M: Why has adult education become popular?
第三個問題是:
M: What are some of the courses offered in adult education programs?
好, 現(xiàn)在我們再把文章聽一遍. 這次老師念得比較慢, 請你特別注意上面三個問題的答案.
Millions of people are enrolled in evening adult education programs across America. Community colleges have become popular and their enrollments have increased rapidly. Large universities are offering more courses in the evenings for adult students. In this way, the demand for more education is being met. One reason for this is that many older people are changing their professions. They are looking for different careers. Another reason is that repair costs have increased. Adults are taking courses like plumbing and electrical repair. This way they hope that the high costs for repairs can be avoided. Advanced technology is the most important reason for the rise in adult education. Engineers, teachers and businessmen are taking adult education classes. They have found that more education is needed to do their jobs well. Various courses are offered. Computers and business courses are taken by many adult students. Foreign languages, accounting and communication courses are also popular. Some students attend classes to earn degrees. Others take courses for the knowledge and skills that they can receive. The lives of many people have been enriched because of adult education.
現(xiàn)在請你回答下面三個問題. 每回答一句就請你聽老師念正確答案.
第一個問題是:
M: Where can one take adult education courses?
F: One can take adult education courses in a community college or university.
第二個問題是:
M: Why has adult education become popular?
F: Changing professions, high costs for repairs and advanced technology are some of the reasons for the rise in adult education.
第三個問題是:
M: What are some of the courses offered in adult education programs?
F: Plumbing, electrical repair, foreign languages, accounting and communication are some of the courses offered in adult education programs.
