中級(jí)美國(guó)英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)（二）
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們還是學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài). 我們要把不同的動(dòng)詞用在不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里, 反覆練習(xí). 首先我們還是依照慣例聽一段對(duì)話. 這段對(duì)話的內(nèi)容是說亨利跟同事南希談到辦公室的各種變動(dòng). 請(qǐng)你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
M: What's going on around here? All the offices were changed.
F: Haven't you heard? Where have you been, anyway?
M: I was sent to Chicago. I just got back.
F: Well, a lot of changes were made last week. For one thing, Marta was transferred.
M: Where is she now? Was she promoted?
F: Yes, she was transferred to the main office downtown.
M: I see. What about you? Were you promoted too?
F: No, at least not yet. But I was given a new office.
M: It's very nice. Congratulations!
現(xiàn)在我們把整段對(duì)話再聽一遍, 請(qǐng)你注意聽.
M: What's going on around here? All the offices were changed.
F: Haven't you heard? Where have you been, anyway?
M: I was sent to Chicago. I just got back.
F: Well, a lot of changes were made last week. For one thing, Marta was transferred.
M: Where is she now? Was she promoted?
F: Yes, she was transferred to the main office downtown.
M: I see. What about you? Were you promoted too?
F: No, at least not yet. But I was given a new office.
M: It's very nice. Congratulations!
下面我請(qǐng)老師把對(duì)話里的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子再念一遍給你聽.
M: All the offices were changed.
M: I was sent to Chicago.
F: A lot of changes were made last week.
F: Marta was transferred.
M: Was she promoted?
F: She was transferred to the main office downtown.
M: Were you promoted too?
F: I was given a new office.
二.被動(dòng)語態(tài)
聽了上面那些句子, 你或許已經(jīng)注意到每個(gè)句子都只是提到接受動(dòng)作的對(duì)象而沒有提到這些動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者, 比方我們不知道是誰把瑪爾塔調(diào)走了, 是誰給了南希一間新的辦公室等等. 其實(shí)在英文里凡是不知道誰是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者,或者這點(diǎn)并不重要的時(shí)候就常常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá)意思. 下面我們作一組練習(xí), 由男老師用 "某個(gè)人" someone 把剛才對(duì)話里的一些句子用主動(dòng)語態(tài)說出來,接著女老師把句子改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)疑問句, 你聽了問句之后請(qǐng)你用被動(dòng)語態(tài)作肯定的答覆. 首先我們舉一個(gè)例子:
M: Someone changed all the offices.
F: Were all the offices changed?
M: Yes, all the offices were changed.
現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Someone changed all the offices.
F: Were all the offices changed?
M: Yes, all the offices were changed.
M: Someone sent Henry to Chicago.
F: Was Henry sent to Chicago?
M: Yes, Henry was sent to Chicago.
M: Someone made a lot of changes.
F: Were a lot of changes made?
M: Yes, a lot of changes were made.
M: Someone transferred Marta.
F: Was Marta transferred?
M: Yes, Marta was transferred.
M: Someone promoted Marta.
F: Was Marta promoted?
M: Yes, Marta was promoted.
M: Someone gave Nancy a new office.
F: Was Nancy given a new office?
M: Yes, Nancy was given a new office.
下面我們來復(fù)習(xí)不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子. 練習(xí)的作法是老師念一個(gè)過去式被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子, 接著老師念出一部份動(dòng)詞詞組, 然后學(xué)生就把詞組代換到句子里形成另外一種時(shí)態(tài), 學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你注意聽.
M: Several changes were made in the office.
M: have been
F: Several changes have been made in the office.
M: will be
F: Several changes will be made in the office.
M: can be
F: Several changes can be made in the office.
M: should be
F: Several changes should be made in the office.
M: need to be
F: Several changes need to be made in the office.
M: are going to be
F: Several changes are going to be made in the office.
M: are being
F: Several changes are being made in the office.
下面我們按照剛才那個(gè)練習(xí)的作法, 一方面復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài), 一方面學(xué)習(xí)一些有關(guān)辦公室活動(dòng)的詞匯. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 請(qǐng)你在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候也一起作.
M: Company policies were established.
M: have been
F: Company policies have been established.
M: need to be
F: Company policies need to be established.
M: will be
F: Company policies will be established.
M: The company policies were carried out.
M: are
F: The company policies are carried out.
M: are being
F: The company policies are being carried out.
M: are going to be
F: The company policies are going to be carried out.
M: Office workers were supervised.
M: should be
F: Office workers should be supervised.
M: can be
F: Office workers can be supervised.
M: need to be
F: Office workers need to be supervised.
M: Office employees were trained.
M: are going to be
F: Office employees are going to be trained.
M: are being
F: Office employees are being trained.
M: have been
F: Office employees have been trained.
M: Education was emphasized.
M: has been
F: Education has been emphasized.
M: is
F: Education is emphasized.
M: needs to be
F: Education needs to be emphasized.
M: Business courses were offered.
M: will be
F: Business courses will be offered.
M: are going to be
F: Business courses are going to be offered.
M: are being
F: Business courses are being offered.
M: The graduates were placed in management jobs.
M: should be
F: The graduates should be placed in management jobs.
M: are being
F: The graduates are being placed in management jobs.
M: are
F: The graduates are placed in management jobs.
M: People with ability were selected.
M: will be
F: People with ability will be selected.
M: are
F: People with ability are selected.
M: have been
F: People with ability have been selected.
M: A responsible worker was promoted.
M: should be
F: A responsible worker should be promoted.
M: is going to be
F: A responsible worker is going to be promoted.
M: has been
F: A responsible worker has been promoted.
三.BY和WITH
剛才我們復(fù)習(xí)了不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子, 也學(xué)習(xí)了一些新詞匯. 現(xiàn)在我們練習(xí)用介詞 by, b-y, by加上名詞來表明被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者, 比方有一句:Company policies are established by top managers. 這句話的意思就是: 公司政策是由高級(jí)主管制訂的. 下面我們作一組練習(xí)學(xué)學(xué)這類句子. 練習(xí)的作法是由老師念我們剛才練習(xí)過的句子, 接著老師念出名詞, 比方 "監(jiān)督人員"supervisors. " 行政人員" administrators 等等. 請(qǐng)你用 by 和老師給你的名詞說出被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子. 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽正確答案.
M: Company policies are established.
M: top managers
F: Company policies are established by top managers.
M: Company policies are carried out.
M: company workers
F: Company policies are carried out by company workers.
M: Office workers are supervised.
M: their supervisors
F: Office workers are supervised by their supervisors.
M: Education is emphasized.
M: the government
F: Education is emphasized by the government.
M: People with ability are selected.
M: administrators
F: People with ability are selected by administrators.
在被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里, 用介詞by可以表明人物, 可是一般來說用 with, w-i-t-h, with可以表明東西, 比方 "商業(yè)區(qū)里到處是大公司總部." The business district is crowded with corporation headquarters. "大樓里到處是政府機(jī)關(guān)." The large office buildings are filled with government agencies. 這兩個(gè)句子就是很好的例子. 現(xiàn)在我們來作代換練習(xí); 練習(xí)里的句子都是說到商業(yè)區(qū)到處是大樓, 銀行和百貨商店等等. 首先由老師念一個(gè)句子, 接著老師念一個(gè)字或是一個(gè)詞組,請(qǐng)你把你聽到的代換到原來的句子里. 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽老師念正確答案.
M: The business district is crowded with large office buildings.
M: banks
F: The business district is crowded with banks.
M: corporation headquarters
F: The business district is crowded with corporation headquarters.
M: department stores
F: The business district is crowded with department stores.
下面老師換了一個(gè)句子:
M: The large office buildings are filled with corporation headquarters.
M: banks
F: The large office buildings are filled with banks.
M: government agencies
F: The large office buildings are filled with government agencies.
M: small companies
F: The large office buildings are filled with small companies.
四.聽短文回答問題
首先我們來聽一篇文章, 內(nèi)容是說美國(guó)重視商業(yè), 在美國(guó)城市商業(yè)區(qū)里大樓林立, 一般辦公室工作人員, 也就是所謂的 "白領(lǐng)階級(jí)" 勤奮工作和進(jìn)修的情況. 文章里有許多被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子,許多詞匯也都是我們剛才練習(xí)過的.請(qǐng)你注意聽,等一會(huì)兒我們要根據(jù)文章問你幾個(gè)問題. 現(xiàn)在開始.
"The business of America is business." This was once said by an American president. The business district of an American city is crowded with large office buildings which are filled with banks, corporation headquarters, and government agencies. Every weekday morning thousands of office workers enter these buildings and leave in the evening. The men and women who do the office work are called white-collar workers. Secretaries, computer operators and administrators are all white-collar workers. Many office workers work and hope that they will be promoted to more responsible positions. They want to supervise other workers and see that the company policies are carried out. These policies are established by the top managers. Sometimes office workers are transferred to other places. Nowadays, education is emphasized in the selection of men and women for management jobs. Courses in business administration are offered by many universities. The graduates of these courses often are placed in middle management jobs. From these, they can be promoted easily when they show the necessary personality and ability.
剛才那篇文章你聽懂了多少? 如果沒有全部聽懂, 沒有關(guān)系, 等一會(huì)兒我們?cè)?聽英文老師用慢速度念一遍. 現(xiàn)在我們先來聽今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問題.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: Who are the white-collar workers?
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: What does one find in the business district of an American city?
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: How can one get a management job?
好, 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)俾犂蠋熡寐俣劝盐恼履钜槐?
"The business of America is business." This was once said by an American president. The business district of an American city is crowded with large office buildings which are filled with banks, corporation headquarters, and government agencies. Every weekday morning thousands of office workers enter these buildings and leave in the evening. The men and women who do the office work are called white-collar workers. Secretaries, computer operators and administrators are all white-collar workers. Many office workers work and hope that they will be promoted to more responsible positions. They want to supervise other workers and see that the company policies are carried out. These policies are established by the top managers. Sometimes office workers are transferred to other places. Nowadays, education is emphasized in the selection of men and women for management jobs. Courses in business administration are offered by many universities. The graduates of these courses often are placed in middle management jobs. From these, they can be promoted easily when they show the necessary personality and ability.
好, 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答下面三個(gè)問題. 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽老師念正確答案看你答對(duì)了沒有.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: Who are the white-collar workers?
F: People who do office work are white-collar workers. Secretaries, computer operators and adminstrators are all white-collar workers.
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: What does one find in the business district of an American city?
F: One finds large office buildings which are filled with banks, corporation headquarters and government agencies.
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: How can one get a management job?
F: One should study business administration at a university.
