中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)間接引句（二）
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)怎么樣引述別人或是自己以前說(shuō)過(guò)的話.首先我們還是依照慣例, 聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)彼得轉(zhuǎn)告凱特, 亨利打電話回家, 交待了一些什么事情. 請(qǐng)你特別注意英文老師的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào).
M: Mom, Dad called and said that he wouldn't be home for dinner.
F: Did he say why?
M: Yes, he said that one of the men was sick and he was going to stay for the afternoon shift.
F: Did he say when he would be home?
M: He didn't say. But he did say that he was tired. He had had a busy day.
F: Did he say why?
M: He said that there had been a big fire in town and it had taken nearly all morning to put it out.
F: I hope that he wasn't hurt.
現(xiàn)在我們把整段對(duì)話再聽(tīng)一遍, 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
M: Mom, Dad called and said that he wouldn't be home for dinner.
F: Did he say why?
M: Yes, he said that one of the men was sick and he was going to stay for the afternoon shift.
F: Did he say when he would be home?
M: He didn't say. But he did say that he was tired. He had had a busy day.
F: Did he say why?
M: He said that there had been a big fire in town and it had taken nearly all morning to put it out.
F: I hope that he wasn't hurt.
下面老師再把對(duì)話里的間接引句念一遍給你聽(tīng).
M: Dad said that he wouldn't be home for dinner.
M: He said that one of the men was sick.
F: Did he say when he would be home?
M: He did say that he was tired.
M: He said that there had been a big fire in town.
二.間接引句復(fù)習(xí)
從上面的幾個(gè)句子你可以看出間接引句的一些規(guī)則,有一些我們?cè)谏弦徽n已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò); 有些我們今天要學(xué).首先我們復(fù)習(xí)上一課教過(guò)的. 第一組練習(xí)是由彼得或是凱特說(shuō)幾句話, 然后由別人引述一遍, 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
M: Henry is going to stay for the afternoon shift.
F: Peter said that Henry was going to stay for the afternoon shift.
M: He will be busy in the afternoon.
F: Peter said that Henry would be busy in the afternoon.
M: He can't come home for dinner.
F: Peter said that Henry couldn't come home for dinner.
F: Is Henry tired?
M: Kate asked if Henry was tired.
F: Is Henry hurt?
M: Kate asked whether Henry was hurt.
三.引述疑問(wèn)句
聽(tīng)了上面一組練習(xí), 我想你對(duì)我們上一課教過(guò)的間接引句已經(jīng)有了印象, 尤其是怎么樣引述問(wèn)句. 現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)怎么樣引述用疑問(wèn)詞.比方 "為什么" why,"哪兒" where, "什么時(shí)候" when 開頭的疑問(wèn)句. 如果有人問(wèn)你: "你什么時(shí)候下班?" When are you going to be off duty? 在引述這句話的時(shí)候你就應(yīng)該這么說(shuō): Someone asked me when I was going to be off duty. 請(qǐng)你注意, 因?yàn)橛幸蓡?wèn)詞,所以在間接引句里疑問(wèn)詞代替了我們以前學(xué)過(guò) if, whether, 或是 that, 但是仍然必須把問(wèn)句改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)陳述句. 我再舉一個(gè)例子, 比方有人問(wèn)你:"怎么樣才能作救火員?" How can one be a fire fighter? 在引述這句話的時(shí)候你就應(yīng)該這么說(shuō): Someone asked me how one could be a fire fighter.現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習(xí),學(xué)學(xué)這種說(shuō)法.練習(xí)的作法是由凱特問(wèn)一些有關(guān)亨利跟其他救火員的情況的問(wèn)題, 然后學(xué)生就把凱特的話引述一遍. 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作.
F: Why isn't Henry coming home for dinner?
M: Kate asked why Henry wasn't coming home for dinner.
F: Why is he going to stay for the afternoon shift?
M: Kate asked why Henry was going to stay for the afternoon shift.
F: Where is he?
M: Kate asked where Henry was.
F: How is he?
M: Kate asked how Henry was.
F: How are his fellow fire fighters?
M: Kate asked how Henry's fellow fire fighters were.
F: When is he going to be off duty?
M: Kate asked when Henry was going to be off duty.
F: When is he coming home?
M: Kate asked when Henry was coming home.
下面一組練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說(shuō)彼得問(wèn)母親凱特怎么樣才能夠像父親亨利一樣作個(gè)救火員. 彼得提出了許多問(wèn)題. 凱特都一一回答, 比方凱特告訴彼得作救火員必須小心, 鎮(zhèn)靜, 必須隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備救火, 一有必要就得上夜班等等. 練習(xí)的作法是你會(huì)先聽(tīng)到一個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞開頭的疑問(wèn)句, 比方彼得問(wèn): How can one be a fire fighter? 聽(tīng)了之后請(qǐng)你把話引述一遍,所以答案就是: Peter asked how one could be a fire fighter. 如果你聽(tīng)到的不是問(wèn)句, 而是陳述句, 比方凱特回答: "他們需要小心, 鎮(zhèn)靜." One needs to be careful and calm. 在引述的時(shí)候你就必須這么說(shuō): Kate answered that one needed to be careful and calm. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí),每作完一句, 就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)老師念正確答案.
M: How can one be a fire fighter?
F: Peter asked how one could be a fire fighter.
F: One needs to be careful and calm.
M: Kate answered that one needed to be careful and calm.
M: What are their duties?
F: Peter asked what their duties were.
F: They put out fire and rescue people.
M: Kate answered that they put out fire and rescued people.
M: When do they have to be ready to answer an alarm?
F: Peter asked when they had to be ready to answer an alarm.
F: They have to be ready at any hour of the day or night.
M: Kate answered that they had to be ready at any hour of the day or night.
M: How many shifts are there?
F: Peter asked how many shifts there were.
F: There are three shifts.
M: Kate answered that there were three shifts.
M: How often do they work the night shift?
F: Peter asked how often they worked the night shift.
F: They work the night shift as often as needed.
M: Kate answered that they worked the night shift as often as needed.
下面彼得問(wèn)凱特作救火員危險(xiǎn)不危險(xiǎn), 他們?cè)趺淳然? 怎么樣幫助受傷的人等等問(wèn)題; 凱特回答說(shuō)救火員的工作有時(shí)候相當(dāng)危險(xiǎn), 他們必須有救火設(shè)施, 必須給予受傷的人急救等等. 還是請(qǐng)你跟剛才一樣作練習(xí)
M: How dangerous is the job?
F: Peter asked how dangerous the job was.
F: It can be very dangerous at times.
M: Kate answered that it could be very dangerous at times.
M: How do they enter a burning building?
F: Peter asked how they entered a burning building.
F: They use the necessary equipment.
M: Kate answered that they used the necessary equipment.
M: How do they help injured people?
F: Peter asked how they helped the injured people.
F: They give those people first aid.
M: Kate answered that they gave those people first aid.
剛才我們引述的句子本身都是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài). 所以在引述的時(shí)候必須把動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài). 如果你要引述的句子是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)或是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài), 那么在引述的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該用had, h-a-d,had加上動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞或是用 had been 加上動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞把時(shí)態(tài)改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài). 比方凱特問(wèn)亨利: "發(fā)生了什么事?" What happened? 在引述這句話的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該這么說(shuō):Kate asked what had happened. 再舉一個(gè)例子, 比方凱特問(wèn)亨利: "有多少人受傷情況嚴(yán)重?" How many people were in critical condition? 引述那句話的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該這么說(shuō): Kate asked how many people had been in critical condition.
下面我們作一組練習(xí),學(xué)學(xué)這種說(shuō)法.練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說(shuō)亨利救火之后回到家里, 凱特問(wèn)他有關(guān)火災(zāi)的種種情況,比方受傷的人被送進(jìn)哪家醫(yī)院,多少樓房被燒壞或是全部燒毀, 火災(zāi)多久才被撲滅等等. 這些問(wèn)題亨利都一一答覆. 練習(xí)的作法跟剛才一樣,還是每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確答案.
F: What happened?
M: Kate asked what had happened.
M: There was a fire in town.
F: Henry answered that there had been a fire in town.
F: When did it happen?
M: Kate asked when it had happened.
M: It happened in the morning.
F: Henry answered that it had happened in the morning.
F: How many people were injured?
M: Kate asked how many people had been injured.
M: A lot of people were injured.
F: Henry answered that a lot of people had been injured.
F: How many people were in critical condition?
M: Kate asked how many people had been in critical condition.
M: Four people were in critical condition.
F: Henry answered that four people had been in critical condition.
F: Which hospital were they taken to?
M: Kate asked which hospital they had been taken to.
M: They were taken to the hospital downtown.
F: Henry answered that they had been taken to the hospital downtown.
F: How many buildings burned down?
M: Kate asked how many buildings had burned down.
M: None of the buildings burned down.
F: Henry answered that none of the buildings had burned down.
F: How many buildings were damaged?
M: Kate asked how many buildings had been damaged.
M: Three buildings were damaged.
F: Henry answered that three buildings had been damaged.
F: How long did it take to put out the fire?
M: Kate asked how long it had taken to put out the fire.
M: It took three hours to put out the fire.
F: Henry answered that it had taken three hours to put out the fire.
四.聽(tīng)短文回答問(wèn)題
今天我們要聽(tīng)的文章是說(shuō)亨利在西雅圖市政府作救火員, 文章里除了談到救火員的責(zé)任, 比方如何隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備救火, 還提到救火員必須要冒著危險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入燃燒中的房屋去救人, 有的時(shí)候接到火警趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)才發(fā)現(xiàn)有人謊報(bào)等等.文章最后一段還說(shuō)到凱特對(duì)亨利作救火員有什么感想.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
Henry is an employee of the city of Seattle. He is one of more than 2,000 fire fighters there. Seattle had a major fire nearly 100 years ago when most of the city burned to the ground. Henry and his fellow fire fighters don't want that to happen again. Henry is on duty eight hours a day. During his shift, he eats and sleeps at the fire house. Fire fighters have to be ready to answer an alarm at any hour of the day or night. Most of the alarms are for small fires which can be put out in a few minutes. There are also a few fake alarms, when the fire fighters arrive to find that there isn't any fire at all. Big fires are very dangerous. Most of the time the greatest danger comes from smoke. Sometimes, Henry has to enter burning buildings to rescue people inside. He has been in serious danger many times to save people's lives. Kate is proud of Henry for his work, but she worries about his safety. Henry feels that his job isn't dangerous if he is careful and stays calm. He also needs to stay in good shape too.
剛才那篇文章如果你不能全部聽(tīng)懂, 等一會(huì)兒你還有機(jī)會(huì)聽(tīng). 現(xiàn)在我們先把今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題念一遍.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Why do fire fighters have to work the night shift?
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What do fire fighters do?
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: How does Kate feel about Henry's job?
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)俾?tīng)英文老師用慢速度把整篇文章念一遍. 聽(tīng)完之后, 我們要請(qǐng)你回答剛才念的三個(gè)問(wèn)題.
Henry is an employee of the city of Seattle. He is one of more than 2,000 fire fighters there. Seattle had a major fire nearly 100 years ago when most of the city burned to the ground. Henry and his fellow fire fighters don't want that to happen again. Henry is on duty eight hours a day. During his shift, he eats and sleeps at the fire house. Fire fighters have to be ready to answer an alarm at any hour of the day or night. Most of the alarms are for small fires which can be put out in a few minutes. There are also a few fake alarms, when the fire fighters arrive to find that there isn't any fire at all. Big fires are very dangerous. Most of the time the greatest danger comes from smoke. Sometimes, Henry has to enter burning buildings to rescue people inside. He has been in serious danger many times to save people's lives. Kate is proud of Henry for his work, but she worries about his safety. Henry feels that his job isn't dangerous if he is careful and stays calm. He also needs to stay in good shape too.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答下面三個(gè)問(wèn)題. 回答之后請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)老師念正確答案.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Why do fire fighters have to work the night shift?
F: It is because they have to be ready to answer an alarm day and night.
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What do fire fighters do?
F: They put out fire and rescue people.
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: How does Kate feel about Henry's job?
F: She is proud of Henry for his work, but she worries about his safety.
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