中級(jí)美國(guó)英語與選舉有關(guān)的詞匯
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們要學(xué)習(xí)幾個(gè)由動(dòng)詞和介詞構(gòu)成的常用語, 比方 "競(jìng)選" run for, r-u-n f-o-r, run for, "依賴" depend on, d-e-p-e-n-d o-n, depend on, "參預(yù)" take part in, t-a-k-e p-a-r-t i-n, take part in 等等. 我們也要學(xué)習(xí)許多跟選舉有關(guān)系的詞匯.現(xiàn)在我們先來聽今天這一課的對(duì)話, 內(nèi)容是說亨利跟同事南希談起競(jìng)選話動(dòng)的事情. 請(qǐng)你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
F: Are you going to vote today, Henry?
M: I don't think so. There aren't any candidates I'm interested in.
F: Haven't you kept up on the issues?
M: I've seen the ads on TV, but I'm not up on what's going on.
F: You should be, you know. This is an important election. And a friend of mine is running for office.
M: That's why you've been bringing in all the campaign buttons.
F: Yes, Joe Brown is a really good candidate. He has taken part in a lot of community activities and he knows what needs to be done.
M: And you would vote for him even if you weren't friends, right?
F: Right!
現(xiàn)在我們來聽老師用慢速度把整段對(duì)話念一遍.
F: Are you going to vote today, Henry?
M: I don't think so. There aren't any candidates I'm interested in.
F: Haven't you kept up on the issues?
M: I've seen the ads on TV, but I'm not up on what's going on.
F: You should be, you know. This is an important election. And a friend of mine is running for office.
M: That's why you've been bringing in all the campaign buttons.
F: Yes, Joe Brown is a really good candidate. He has taken part in a lot of community activities and he knows what needs to be done.
M: And you would vote for him even if you weren't friends, right?
F: Right!
現(xiàn)在老師把對(duì)話里包含了我們今天要學(xué)的常用語的句子挑出來, 再念一遍給你聽.
M: There aren't any candidates I'm interested in.
F: Haven't you kept up on the issues?
M: I'm not up on what's going on.
F: A friend of mine is running for office.
M: You've been bringing in all the campaign buttons.
F: He has taken part in a lot of community activities.
二.RUN FOR
聽完了對(duì)話, 現(xiàn)在我們來練習(xí)對(duì)話里包含的常用語. 首先我們學(xué)習(xí)怎么用 run for 作句子. 比方有一句話: "有些律師在競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)." 這句話英文可以這樣說:Some lawyers are running for the presidency.
下面我們作一組代換練習(xí),學(xué)學(xué)這種說法. 在這一組練習(xí)里你可以學(xué)習(xí)到其他公職的名稱, 比方市政會(huì), 郡委會(huì)等等.現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí). 請(qǐng)你在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候也一起作.
M: Some lawyers are running for the presidency.
M: congressional office
F: Some lawyers are running for the congressional office
M: governor's office
F: Some lawyers are running for the governor's office.
M: mayor's office
F: Some lawyers are running for the mayor's office.
M: city council
F: Some lawyers are running for the city council.
M: county board
F: Some lawyers are running for the county board.
三.DEPEND ON
剛才我們作的幾組練習(xí)都是有關(guān)競(jìng)選的事情. 下面我們作一組代換練習(xí), 看看在美國(guó)參加競(jìng)選的人必須依賴誰的幫助才能夠當(dāng)選. 練習(xí)的作法是老師念一個(gè)句子, 比方: "候選人依賴競(jìng)選委員會(huì)主管人員來贏得選舉." The candidates depend on their campaign managers to win the election. 你跟著重復(fù)一遍, 接著老師念出一些助選人員的名稱, 比方 "競(jìng)選顧問" campaign advisors, "演講稿撰寫人" speech writers, "競(jìng)選工作人員" campaign staff. "支持者" supporters等等, 請(qǐng)你把你聽到的代換到原來的句子里. 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽老師念正確答案.
M: The candidates depend on their campaign managers to win the election.
M: campaign advisors
F: The candidates depend on their campaign advisors to win the election.
M: speech writers
F: The candidates depend on their speech writers to win the election.
M: campaign staff
F: The candidates depend on their campaign staff to win the election.
M: supporters
F: The candidates depend on their supporters to win the election.
四.BE INTERESTED IN
在上面那組練習(xí)里我們學(xué)習(xí)了怎么用 "依賴" depend on 作句子,下面我們要學(xué)習(xí)用interested in, i-n-t-e-r-e-s-t-e-d i-n, interested in,再加上動(dòng)名詞詞組來表示對(duì)什么什么感興趣. 比方有一句話: "有些候選人對(duì)制造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)有興趣." 這句話英文應(yīng)該這樣說:Some candidates are interested in creating job opportunities.下面我們作一組代換練習(xí), 一方面學(xué)習(xí) to be interested in 的用法, 一方面學(xué)一學(xué)候選人所感興趣的政治問題,比方 "爭(zhēng)取女權(quán)" getting equal rights for women."對(duì)抗貪污" fighting corruption. "平衡政府預(yù)算" balancing government budget,"削減聯(lián)邦政府規(guī)模"cutting the size of the federal government, "改善教育計(jì)劃"improving educational programs 等等. 現(xiàn)在我們開始練習(xí).
M: Some candidates are interested in creating job opportunities.
M: getting equal rights for women
F: Some candidates are interested in getting equal rights for women.
M: fighting corruption
F: Some candidates are interested in fighting corruption.
M: balancing government budget
F: Some candidates are interested in balancing government budget.
M: cutting the size of the federal government
F: Some candidates are interested in cutting the size of the federal government.
M: improving educational programs
F: Some candidates are interested in improving educational programs.
五.TAKE PART IN
下面我們作一組練習(xí), 學(xué)一學(xué) "參與" take part in 的用法. 首先由老師提出問題, 然后學(xué)生作肯定的答覆. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容還是跟政治活動(dòng)有關(guān)系. 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作.
M: Did he take part in creating job opportunities?
F: Yes, he took part in creating job opportunities.
M: Did he take part in getting equal rights for women?
F: Yes, he took part in getting equal rights for women.
M: Did he take part in fighting corruption?
F: Yes, he took part in fighting corruption.
M: Did he take part in balancing government budget?
F: Yes, he took part in balancing government budget.
M: Did he take part in cutting the size of the federal government?
F: Yes, he took part in cutting the size of the federal government.
M: Did he take part in improving educational programs?
F: Yes, he took part in improving educational programs.
六.TAKE SIDES ON
在下面一組練習(xí)里我們要學(xué)習(xí)用 take sides on, t-a-k-e s-i-d-e-s o-n, take sides on 來表達(dá)在各種不同政治軍事等問題上表明立場(chǎng).比方 "候選人應(yīng)該在男女平權(quán)問題上表明立場(chǎng)嗎?" 這句話英文應(yīng)該這樣說: Should the candidates take sides on the issue of equal rights?在下面這組練習(xí)里除了可以練習(xí) take sides on 的用法, 還可以學(xué)到許多有用的詞匯, 比方: "民權(quán)" civil rights, "保護(hù)環(huán)境" environmental protection, "國(guó)防預(yù)算" defense budget, "核子能源" nuclear energy, "核武器" nuclear weapons 等等.請(qǐng)你注意聽老師問問題, 并且跟學(xué)生一起作肯定的答覆.
M: Should the candidates take sides on the issue of equal rights?
F: Yes, they should take sides on the issue of equal rights.
M: Should the candidates take sides on the issue of civil rights?
F: Yes, they should take sides on the issue of civil rights.
M: Should the candidates take sides on the issue of environmental protection?
F: Yes, they should take sides on the issue of environmental protection.
M: Should the candidates take sides on the issue of defense budget?
F: Yes, they should take sides on the issue of defense budget.
M: Should the candidates take sides on the issue of nuclear energy?
F: Yes, they should take sides on the issue of nuclear energy.
M: Should the candidates take sides on the issue of nuclear weapons?
F: Yes, they should take sides on the issue of nuclear weapons.
七.KEEP UP ON
剛才那組練習(xí)里的許多詞匯如果你還不太熟, 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)僮饕唤M代換練習(xí), 復(fù)習(xí)一下, 不過這次我們換一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組,這次我們用 keep up on, k-e-e-p u-p o-n, keep up on 來表示選民應(yīng)該對(duì)各種與選舉有關(guān)的問題隨時(shí)注意.
M: Voters should keep up on the issue of civil rights.
M: defense budget
F: Voters should keep up on the issue of defense budget.
M: nuclear energy
F: Voters should keep up on the issue of nuclear energy.
M: nuclear weapons
F: Voters should keep up on the issue of nuclear weapons.
M: environmental protection
F: Voters should keep up on the issue of environmental protection.
八.APPEAL TO
下面我們作最后一組練習(xí), 學(xué)學(xué)怎么用 appeal to, a-p-p-e-a-l t-o, appeal to 表達(dá)立場(chǎng)不同的政治家受不同選民的歡迎. 比方 "有些政治家受勞工的歡迎."這句話英文應(yīng)該這樣說: Some politicians appeal to laborers, 在這組練習(xí)里你還可以學(xué)到其他有用的詞匯, 比方 "女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)者" feminists,"退伍軍人" veterans,"少數(shù)民族" minority groups, "猶太后裔美國(guó)人" Jewish Americans, "西班牙后裔美國(guó)人" Hispanic Americans.現(xiàn)在我們開始作代換練習(xí).
M: Some politicians appeal to businessmen.
M: laborers
F: Some politicians appeal to laborers.
M: feminists
F: Some politicians appeal to feminists.
M: veterans
F: Some politicians appeal to veterans.
M: minority groups
F: Some politicians appeal to minority groups.
M: Jewish Americans
F: Some politicians appeal to Jewish Americans.
M: Hispanic Americans
F: Some politicians appeal to Hispanic Americans.
九.聽短文回答問題
今天我們要聽的文章內(nèi)容是說美國(guó)的選舉制度, 說到怎么樣從事競(jìng)選活動(dòng).文章里的詞匯都是我們已經(jīng)練習(xí)過的.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽.
Top officials in city, state and federal governments are elected to office by the people. They run for office every two or four years and elections are held the first week of November. People who run for elections are called politicians. Many of them are lawyers. Successful politicians are often famous and important people in their communities. Young lawyers who are interested in politics often join political clubs when they graduate from law school. As club members, they help older politicians get elected. When they have had enough experience and support, they run for office themselves. Before elections, political candidates are very busy. They have frequent meetings with their supporters. But most of their time is spent campaigning, shaking hands and making speeches to the public. There are different groups of voters that politicians try to win support from. Most large cities have black and Spanish speaking communities who elect powerful politicians. Some politicians appeal to businessmen while others appeal to laborers. Many politicians run for office by taking sides on important issues such as balancing government budget, getting equal rights for women, fighting corruption and creating job opportunities. Once politicians win elections, their futures depend on how well they do their jobs, and how well the people hear of the work they are doing.
現(xiàn)在老師把今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問題先念一遍給你聽.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: How often are elections held in the United States?
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: What do political candidates do to get elected?
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: What are some of the important political issues?
現(xiàn)在我們聽老師用慢速度再把文章念一遍.
Top officials in city, state and federal governments are elected to office by the people. They run for office every two or four years and elections are held the first week of November. People who run for elections are called politicians. Many of them are lawyers. Successful politicians are often famous and important people in their communities. Young lawyers who are interested in politics often join political clubs when they graduate from law school. As club members, they help older politicians get elected. When they have had enough experience and support, they run for office themselves. Before elections, political candidates are very busy. They have frequent meetings with their supporters. But most of their time is spent campaigning, shaking hands and making speeches to the public. There are different groups of voters that politicians try to win support from. Most large cities have black and Spanish speaking communities who elect powerful politicians. Some politicians appeal to businessmen while others appeal to laborers. Many politicians run for office by taking sides on important issues such as balancing government budget, getting equal rights for women, fighting corruption and creating job opportunities. Once politicians win elections, their futures depend on how well they do their jobs, and how well the people hear of the work they are doing.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答下面三個(gè)問題. 每回答一個(gè)問題老師會(huì)念出正確答案讓你作個(gè)比較, 看你答對(duì)了沒有.
第一個(gè)問題是:
M: How often are elections held in the United States?
F: They are held every two or four years.
第二個(gè)問題是:
M: What do political candidates do to get elected?
F: They campaign, shake hands and make speeches to the public.
第三個(gè)問題是:
M: What are some of the important political issues?
F: They are balancing government budget, getting equal rights for women, fighting corruption and creating job opportunities
