復雜的并列句的拆分和理解 例273

例273　The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.

【結構分析】The overall result是主語，動詞是has been to make，賓語是entrance to professional geological journals，賓語補足語是harder，是個形容詞，a result是個同位語，做前面整個句子的同位語，that引導定語從句has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing，后面加上兩個并列短語，做reinforced后面的賓語，一個是by national journals in the 19th century，一個是by several local geological journals in the 20th century。

【亮點回放】此句話的亮點在于對a result這個名詞正確理解，是做前面的同位語，很難理解，后面加上特別長和有氣勢的定語從句，兩個名詞短語并列，很有震撼力。

【參考譯文】這樣一來總的結果便是業(yè)余愛好者想在專業(yè)地質學期刊發(fā)表文章就更難了，而被廣泛使用的論文評審推薦制度又進一步強化了這一結果，該種制度先是出現(xiàn)在19世紀的國家級刊物上，后又在20世紀被幾家地方級地質學刊物所使用。