1.逗號(hào)comma
用于分割并列成分??佳兄攸c(diǎn):兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間,或者一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后,如果是補(bǔ)充說明成分時(shí),跳過不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.
2.句號(hào)period/fullstop
?、儆糜陉愂鼍?,表示一個(gè)句子的結(jié)束,起分割切分句子作用。
?、谟糜谀承┛s略詞之后。比如Mr.、Ms.、etc.等等。如果句號(hào)作為簡(jiǎn)寫符號(hào)使用,那么這個(gè)詞語簡(jiǎn)寫前后面的符號(hào)應(yīng)該照常寫上,因?yàn)楹?jiǎn)寫號(hào)并非句號(hào),也不遵循句號(hào)的語法。比如Entreprise Co.,Ltd或者I invited Tom,Jerry,etc..(注意兩個(gè)點(diǎn))。
?、塾米餍?shù)點(diǎn)
3.問號(hào)
考研英語閱讀文章中的問號(hào)一般都是設(shè)問的功能,只問不答,答案不言自明。Eg1.考研難道沒有價(jià)值嗎?另外,如果開篇就是問句,那么則屬于問題答案型文章,對(duì)問題的回答就是全文主旨。
4.冒號(hào)(colon):冒號(hào)前后是從抽象到具體的過程,后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明前面的內(nèi)容。
Eg.1997 passage3 Q2
60.The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean________.
[A]widespread[B]overwhelming
[C]piercing[D]fashionable
We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
5.分號(hào)(semi-colon)前后是并列關(guān)系,包括結(jié)構(gòu)上并列和語義上的并列。
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)
6.引號(hào)(quotationmarks):①引用②強(qiáng)調(diào)③諷刺
Eg1 “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.
7.括號(hào)(parentheses)①解釋說明生詞。②補(bǔ)充說明
Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997,Text 3)
8.破折號(hào)(dash)
?、僖粋€(gè)破折號(hào)后面起補(bǔ)充說明或評(píng)價(jià)判斷。
I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
?、趦善普厶?hào)之間其補(bǔ)充說明,可先跳過不看。
In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
9.省略號(hào)(ellipsis)...
英文中的省略號(hào)的作用和漢語是一樣的。當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句圍并且有下文時(shí),應(yīng)該打四個(gè)點(diǎn),最后一個(gè)為句號(hào)。如:Anditflewfurther,andfurther,andfurther....Jorgesmiledandturnedback.當(dāng)省略號(hào)在句尾并作為語氣延長(zhǎng)的作用時(shí),應(yīng)使用修辭前的標(biāo)點(diǎn),如:Doyouloveme...?其余情況下使用三個(gè)點(diǎn)。如:The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town,please send...more...
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