托福寫(xiě)作中分詞用法需謹(jǐn)慎

　　用分詞替換定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是定語(yǔ)從句前的先行詞。

　　如現(xiàn)在分詞：We stood on the bridge connecting the two halves of the building. (... the bridge which connects/connected the two halves...)前一句中的分詞connecting的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the bridge，和后一句中定語(yǔ)從句先行詞the bridge， 兩者一致。

　　試比較：The man who Tim is meeting for lunch is from Taiwan.此句的定語(yǔ)從句who Tim is meeting for lunch不可用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)替換，即絕不能改成：The man Tim meeting for lunch is from Taiwan. 因?yàn)榉衷~meeting的邏輯主語(yǔ)并不是定語(yǔ)從句先行詞the man，而是Tim，所以這是完全錯(cuò)誤的說(shuō)法。

　　又如過(guò)去分詞：The issue that club members are being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase. 絕不可改成：The issue club members being asked to vote on at tonight’s meeting is that of a fee increase.分詞being asked的邏輯主語(yǔ)是club members，并不是定語(yǔ)從句先行詞the issue。

　　托福寫(xiě)作怎么慎用巧用分詞二：表因果

　　表因果，即當(dāng)分詞所指行為或事件引發(fā)了主句所指的事件或行為，可以替換定語(yǔ)從句。

　　比較：A. The snow which fell overnight has turned to ice. (不可改為T(mén)he snow falling overnight...)只表先后，不表因果

　　B. The snow which fell overnight has caused traffic chaos. (可以用分詞The snow falling overnight has caused traffic chaos.)又先后，表因果。

　　托福寫(xiě)作怎么慎用巧用分詞三：用分詞時(shí)，不表動(dòng)作先后，表伴隨狀態(tài)

　　用分詞時(shí)，不表動(dòng)作先后，表伴隨狀態(tài)。如： The girl who fell over on the ice broke her arm. (不可改成The girl falling over on the ice broke her arm.)瞬間性行為動(dòng)詞fell over 和broke 有先后。 比較：I pulled off sheets which covered the furniture. 表狀態(tài)伴隨的動(dòng)詞cover，替換成分詞....sheets covering the furniture.

　　托福寫(xiě)作怎么慎用巧用分詞四：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句，不可用分詞替換

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句，不可用分詞替換。如：There are a number of people who should be asked.

　　要寫(xiě)出變化的句式，需在熟練掌握各種句型的同時(shí)，做到活學(xué)活用融匯貫通，并非易事。希望大家平時(shí)認(rèn)真打好好語(yǔ)法和詞匯的基本功，多開(kāi)口勤動(dòng)筆，在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)。

　　備注：建議托福寫(xiě)作目標(biāo)沖7的考生，重點(diǎn)掌握分詞結(jié)構(gòu)代替定語(yǔ)從句的用法。