新東方名師指導(dǎo)：5句話hold住托福獨立寫作“開頭段”

“開頭段”、“論證段”和“結(jié)尾段”是托福獨立寫作的“三部曲”，彼此各司其職，進(jìn)而構(gòu)成一個Unity(整體)。其中，“開頭段”最主要的功能有兩個：一是引出話題;二是表達(dá)觀點。然而，在表達(dá)觀點的時候，大家傾向于有以下兩種選擇：一是開門見山(在“開頭段”直接給出個人觀點：要么agree或者disagree;要么prefer A或者prefer B);二是娓娓道來(即在“論證段”或“結(jié)尾段”進(jìn)行觀點的闡述或總結(jié))。本文將從這2種方式出發(fā)，教你如何用5句話hold住托福獨立寫作“開頭段”。

第一種：開門見山式 【概括背景 + 引出話題 + 一類人觀點 + 另一類人觀點對比 + 個人觀點】

1、概括背景：以概括題目的方式給出文章的寫作背景

2、引出話題：以承上啟下的方式引出題目關(guān)鍵詞

3、一類人觀點：針對題目的兩個面(比如說：立場A和立場B)，先給出一類人的觀點(比如說：立場A)

4、另一類人觀點對比：站在一類人的對立面給出相對立的觀點(立場B)

5、個人觀點：在相對立的兩個立場中選擇一個作為自己的觀點(立場A / 立場B)

以下是從獨立寫作真題出發(fā)，向大家展示如打造開門見山式“開頭段”:

① (A/D) The main role of the university professor is to educate students rather than to do research.

(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they believe that higher education plays a crucial role in a country’s development. (引出話題)One indisputable fact is that university education is closely associated with professors. (一類人觀點)Some people, especially parents, believe that professors should focus on educating students. (另一類人觀點對比)However, others, professors themselves in particular, argue that they ought to pay more attention to their researches. (個人觀點)From my perspective, the major obligation of university professors is to teach.

② (A/D) The advice from grandparents has no use for their grandchildren because the world changed a lot during the past 50 years.

(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they are always willing to refer to others’ advice and fit in. (引出話題)One indisputable fact is that valuable advice is closely associated with experienced people like parents and grandparents. (一類人觀點)Some people, especially the old, believe that it’s beneficial to turn to grandparents.(另一類人觀點對比)However, others, the young in particular, argue that due to the great development of the world, their grandparents’ suggestions are not useful any more. (個人觀點)From my perspective, asking for help from one’s grandparents can be a really wise choice.

此處總結(jié)為開門見山式“開頭段”模板：

A defining character of people is the degree to which + 概括題目. One indisputable fact is that + 題目概括詞 + is closely associated with 題目關(guān)鍵詞. Some people, especially 具體的人, believe that + 一類人觀點. However, others, 具體的人 in particular, argue that + 另一方觀點. From my perspective, + 個人觀點.

(NOTE：“the degree to which”在此處的功能相當(dāng)于“that”，且其后所接句子的主語必須和前面的“people”一致)

第二種：娓娓道來式 【概括背景 + 引出話題 + 一類人觀點 + 另一類人觀點對比 + 爭議句】

1、概括背景：以概括題目的方式提出文章的寫作背景

2、引出話題：以承上啟下的方式引出題目關(guān)鍵詞

3、一類人觀點：針對題目的兩個面(比如說：立場A和立場B)，先給出一類人的觀點(比如說：立場A)

4、另一類人觀點對比：站在一類人的對立面給出相對立的觀點(立場B)

5、爭議句：給出一個爭議的句子，不直接表明個人觀點，將之留在“論證段”或“結(jié)尾段”進(jìn)行闡述或總結(jié)

以下同樣從獨立寫作真題出發(fā)，打造娓娓道來式“開頭段”:

① (A/D) Movies and televisions have more negative effects than positive effects on young people’s behaviors.

(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they are always willing to pursue happiness. (引出話題)One indisputable fact is that one’s happiness is closely associated with daily entertainment, which can be easily offered by some technological products like movies and televisions.(一類人觀點)Some people, especially the young, believe that movies and TV play a crucial role in helping them release stress.(另一類人觀點對比)However, others, the parents in particular, argue that some films and TV programs have caused great negative effects on their children. (爭議句)Therefore, when it comes to whether movies and televisions bring more positive or negative effects, people’s notions vary from one to another.

② (A/D) The main purpose for people who have jobs is for money rather than social status.

(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they are always willing to pursue a better life.(引出話題)One indisputable fact is that a quality live is closely associated with having a job.(一類人觀點)Some people, especially the young, believe that their intention of working is to make enough money.(另一類人觀點對比)However, others, old people in particular, argue that they work mainly for a high social position.(爭議句)Therefore, when it comes to whether the major aim of working is for money or social position, people’s notions vary from one to another.

此處總結(jié)為娓娓道來式“開頭段”模板：

A defining character of people is the degree to which + 概括題目. One indisputable fact is that + 題目概括詞 + is closely associated with 題目關(guān)鍵詞. Some people, especially 具體的人, believe that + 一類人觀點. However, others, 具體的人 in particular, argue that + 另一方觀點. Therefore, when it comes to whether 轉(zhuǎn)述題目, people’s notions vary from one to another.

(NOTE：“the degree to which”在此處的功能相當(dāng)于“that”，且其后所接句子的主語必須和前面的“people”一致)